# dns/trunk/DNSDB/ExportBIND.pm
# BIND data export/publication
# Call through DNSDB.pm's export() sub
##
# $Id: ExportBIND.pm 870 2022-09-28 19:56:15Z kdeugau $
# Copyright 2022 Kris Deugau <kdeugau@deepnet.cx>
# 
#    This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
#    it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
#    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
#    (at your option) any later version. 
# 
#    This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
#    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
#    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
#    GNU General Public License for more details.
# 
#    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
#    along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
##

package DNSDB::ExportBIND;

use strict;
use warnings;

sub export {
  # expected to be a DNSDB object
  my $dnsdb = shift;

  # to be a hash of views/locations, containing lists of zones
  my %viewzones;

  # allow for future exports of subgroups of records
  my $viewlist = $dnsdb->getLocList(curgroup => 1);

  my $soasth = $dnsdb->{dbh}->prepare("SELECT host,type,val,distance,weight,port,ttl,record_id,location ".
	"FROM records WHERE rdns_id=? AND type=6");
  my $recsth = $dnsdb->{dbh}->prepare("SELECT host,type,val,distance,weight,port,ttl,record_id,location,extract(epoch from stamp),expires,stampactive ".
	"FROM records WHERE rdns_id=? AND NOT type=6 ".
	"ORDER BY masklen(inetlazy(val)) DESC, inetlazy(val)");

  # Fetch active zone list
  my $revsth = $dnsdb->{dbh}->prepare("SELECT rdns_id,revnet,status,changed,default_location FROM revzones WHERE status=1 ".
	"ORDER BY masklen(revnet),revnet DESC, rdns_id");
  # Unflag changed zones, so we can maybe cache the export and not redo everything every time
  my $zonesth = $dnsdb->{dbh}->prepare("UPDATE revzones SET changed='n' WHERE rdns_id=?");
  $revsth->execute();

  my %recflags;  # need this to be independent for forward vs reverse zones, as they're not merged

  while (my ($revid,$revzone,$revstat,$changed,$defloc) = $revsth->fetchrow_array) {
    my $cidr = NetAddr::IP->new($revzone);
    my $zfile = $cidr->network->addr."-".$cidr->masklen;
#    my $cachefile = "$dnsdb->{exportcache}/$zfile";
#    my $tmpcache = "$dnsdb->{exportcache}/tmp.$zfile.$$";
    my $tmpcache = "tmp.$zfile.$$";      # safety net.  don't overwrite a previous known-good file

##fixme:  convert logical revzone into .arpa name?  maybe take a slice of showrev_arpa?
##fixme:  need to bodge logical non-octet-boundary revzones into octet-boundary revzones
##fixme:  do we do cache files?  views balloon the file count stupidly
## foreach $octetzone $cidr->split(octet-boundary)
##   loclist = SELECT DISTINCT location FROM records WHERE rdns_id = $zid AND inetlazy(val) <<= $octetzone

#printf "non-octet? %s, %i\n", $cidr->masklen, $cidr->masklen % 8;


    eval {

      my $arpazone = DNSDB::_ZONE($cidr, 'ZONE', 'r', '.').($cidr->{isv6} ? '.ip6.arpa' : '.in-addr.arpa');

      # write fresh records if:
      #  - we are not using the cache
      #  - force_refresh is set
      #  - the zone has changed
      #  - the cache file does not exist
      #  - the cache file is empty
      if (!$dnsdb->{usecache} || $dnsdb->{force_refresh} || $changed || !-e $cachefile || -z $cachefile) {
        if ($dnsdb->{usecache}) {
          open ZONECACHE, ">$tmpcache" or die "Error creating temporary file $tmpcache: $!\n";
          $zonefilehandle = *ZONECACHE;
        }

        # fetch a list of views/locations present in the zone.  we need to publish a file for each one.
        # in the event that no locations are present (~~ $viewlist is empty), /%view collapses to nothing in the zone path
#        my (@loclist) = $dnsdb->{dbh}->selectrow_array("SELECT DISTINCT location FROM records WHERE rdns_id = ?", undef, $revid);
        my $tmplocs = $dnsdb->{dbh}->selectall_arrayref("SELECT DISTINCT location FROM records WHERE rdns_id = ?", undef, $revid);
        my @loclist;
        foreach my $tloc (@{$tmplocs}) {
          push @loclist, ($tloc->[0] eq '' ? 'common' : $tloc->[0]);
        }

        push @loclist, $defloc unless grep /$defloc/, @loclist;
        push @loclist, 'common' unless grep /^common$/, @loclist;
        my $zonepath = $dnsdb->{bind_export_reverse_zone_path};
        my %zonefiles;  # to be a hash of file handles.
##fixme:  need to open separate zone files for aggregated metazones eg /22 or /14
        foreach my $loc (@loclist) {
          my $zfilepath = $zonepath;
          $zfilepath =~ s/\%view/$loc/;
          $zfilepath =~ s/\%zone/$revzone/;
          $zfilepath =~ s/\%arpazone/$arpazone/;
          # Just In Case(TM)
          $zfilepath =~ s,[^\w./-],_,g;
          open $zonefiles{$loc}, ">", $zfilepath;
          printf {$zonefiles{$loc}} "; %s in view %s exported %s\n", $arpazone, $loc, scalar(localtime)
            or die "Error writing header [$zone, '$loc']: $!\n";;
          # tag the zonefile for publication in the view
          push @{$viewzones{$loc}}, $arpazone;
        } # foreach @loclist

        # need to fetch this separately since the rest of the records all (should) have real IPs in val
        $soasth->execute($revid);
        my (@zsoa) = $soasth->fetchrow_array();

##fixme: do we even need @loclist passed in?
        publishrec_bind(\%zonefiles, \@loclist, $zsoa[7], 'y', \%recflags, $revzone,
          $zsoa[0], $zsoa[1], $zsoa[2], $zsoa[3], $zsoa[4], $zsoa[5], $zsoa[6], $loc, '');

        $recsth->execute($revid);
        my $fullzone = _ZONE($tmpzone, 'ZONE', 'r', '.').($tmpzone->{isv6} ? '.ip6.arpa' : '.in-addr.arpa');

        while (my ($host, $type, $val, $dist, $weight, $port, $ttl, $recid, $loc, $stamp, $expires, $stampactive)
                = $recsth->fetchrow_array) {
          next if $recflags{$recid};

          # Check for out-of-zone data
          if ($val =~ /\.arpa$/) {
            # val is non-IP
            if ($val !~ /$fullzone$/) {
              warn "Not exporting out-of-zone record $val $typemap{$type} $host, $ttl (zone $tmpzone)\n";
              next;
            }
          } else {
            my $ipval = new NetAddr::IP $val;
            if (!$tmpzone->contains($ipval)) {
              warn "Not exporting out-of-zone record $val $typemap{$type} $host, $ttl (zone $tmpzone)\n";
              next;
            }
          } # is $val a raw .arpa name?

          # Spaces are evil.
          $val =~ s/^\s+//;
          $val =~ s/\s+$//;
          if ($typemap{$type} ne 'TXT') {
            # Leading or trailng spaces could be legit in TXT records.
            $host =~ s/^\s+//;
            $host =~ s/\s+$//;
          }

          publishrec_bind(\%zonefiles, \@loclist, $recid, 'y', \%recflags, $revzone,
            $host, $type, $val, $dist, $weight, $port, $ttl, $loc, $stamp, $expires, $stampactive);

          $recflags{$recid} = 1;

        } # while ($recsth)

        if ($dnsdb->{usecache}) {
          close ZONECACHE; # force the file to be written
          # catch obvious write errors that leave an empty temp file
          if (-s $tmpcache) {
            rename $tmpcache, $cachefile
              or die "Error overwriting cache file $cachefile with temporary file: $!\n";
          }
        }

      } # if $changed or cache filesize is 0

    };
    if ($@) {
      die "error writing ".($dnsdb->{usecache} ? 'new data for ' : '')."$revzone: $@\n";
      # error!  something borked, and we should be able to fall back on the old cache file
      # report the error, somehow.
    } else {
      # mark zone as unmodified.  Only do this if no errors, that way
      # export failures should recover a little more automatically.
      $zonesth->execute($revid);
    }

#    if ($dnsdb->{usecache}) {
#      # We've already made as sure as we can that a cached zone file is "good",
#      # although possibly stale/obsolete due to errors creating a new one.
#      eval {
#        open CACHE, "<$cachefile" or die $!;
#        print $datafile $_ or die "error copying cached $revzone to master file: $!" while <CACHE>;
#        close CACHE;
#      };
#      die $@ if $@;
#    }



  } # revsth->fetch


  # Write the view configuration last, because otherwise we have to be horribly inefficient
  # at figuring out which zones are visible/present in which views
  if ($viewlist) {
    my $tmpconf = "$dnsdb->{bind_zone_conf}.$$"; ##fixme:  split filename for prefixing
    open BINDCONF, ">", $tmpconf;

    foreach my $view (@{$viewlist}, 'common') {
#print Dumper($view);
      print BINDCONF "view $view->{location} {\n";
#      print "view $view->{location} {\n";
      # could also use an acl { ... }; statement, then match-clients { aclname; };, but that gets hairy
      # note that some semantics of data visibility need to be handled by the record export, since it's
      # not 100% clear if the semantics of a tinydns view with an empty IP list (matches anyone) are the
      # same as a BIND view with match-clients { any; };
      if ($view->{iplist}) {
         print BINDCONF "  match-clients { ".join("; ", $view->{iplist})."; };\n";
#         print "  match-clients { ".join("; ", split(/[\s,]+/, $view->{iplist}))."; };\n";
      } else {
         print BINDCONF "  match-clients { any; };\n";
#         print "  match-clients { any; };\n";
      }
      foreach my $zone (@{$viewzones{$view->{location}}}) {
##fixme:  notify settings, maybe per-zone?
        print qq(  zone "$zone" IN {\n\ttype master;\n\tnotify no;\n\tfile "db.$zone";\n  };\n);
      }
      print BINDCONF "};\n\n";
      print "};\n\n";
    } # foreach @$viewlist
    rename $tmpconf, $dnsdb->{bind_zone_conf};
  } # if $viewlist

} # export()


# Print individual records in BIND format
sub publishrec_bind {
  my $dnsdb = shift;

#  my ($zonefiles, $recid, $revrec, $loclist, $zone, $host, $type, $val, $distance, $weight, $port, $ttl,
  my ($zonefiles, $loclist, $recid, $revrec, $recflags, $zone, $host, $type, $val, $distance, $weight, $port, $ttl,
	$loc, $stamp, $expires, $stampactive) = @_;

# make sure "global" records get into all the right per-view zone files, without having to do this loop in each record-print location
##fixme:  maybe exclude the template types?  those may be more expensive to export
## *ponder*  may be more efficient to loop in each record print due to substitution and manipulation from stored data to formal
## record for .arpa zones for all records
  if ($loc eq '') {
    foreach my $subloc (@{$loclist}) {
      publishrec_bind($zonefiles, $loclist, $recid, $revrec, $recflags, $zone, $host, $type, $val, $distance, $weight, $port, $ttl,
        $subloc, $stamp, $expires, $stampactive);
    }
  }

  # Just In Case something is lingering in the DB
  $loc = '' if !$loc;

  ## And now to the records!

  if ($typemap{$type} eq 'SOA') {
    # host contains pri-ns:responsible
    # val is abused to contain refresh:retry:expire:minttl
    # let's be explicit about abusing $host and $val
    my ($email, $primary) = (split /:/, $host)[0,1];
    my ($refresh, $retry, $expire, $min_ttl) = (split /:/, $val)[0,1,2,3];
    my $serial = 0;  # fail less horribly than leaving it empty?
    # just snarfing the right SOA serial for the zone type
    if ($revrec eq 'y') {
      ($serial) = $dnsdb->{dbh}->selectrow_array("SELECT zserial FROM revzones WHERE revnet=?", undef, $zone);
    } else {
      ($serial) = $dnsdb->{dbh}->selectrow_array("SELECT zserial FROM domains WHERE domain=?", undef, $zone);
    } # revrec <> 'y'
    # suppress a "uninitialized value" warning.  should be impossible but...
    # abuse hours as the last digit pair of the serial for simplicity
##fixme?:  alternate SOA serial schemes?
    $serial = strftime("%Y%m%d%H", localtime()) if !$serial;
    $primary .= "." if $primary !~ /\.$/;
    $email .= "." if $email !~ /\.$/;
#    print *{$zonefiles->{$loc}} "Z$zone:$primary:$email:$serial:$refresh:$retry:$expire:$min_ttl:$ttl:$stamp:$loc\n"
#      or die $!;
#    print *{$zonefiles->{$loc}} "$zone	$ttl	IN	SOA	$primary	$email	( $serial $refresh $retry $expire $min_ttl )\n"
#       or die "couldn't write $zone SOA: $!";
    my $recdata = "$zone	$ttl	IN	SOA	$primary	$email	( $serial $refresh $retry $expire $min_ttl )\n";
    recprint($zonefiles, $loclist, $loc, $recdata);
  } # SOA

  elsif ($typemap{$type} eq 'A') {
#    ($host,$val) = __revswap($host,$val) if $revrec eq 'y';
#    print $datafile "+$host:$val:$ttl:$stamp:$loc\n" or die $!;
#    print {$zonefiles->{$loc}} "$host  $ttl    IN      A       $val\n" or die $!;
    my $recdata = "$host	$ttl	IN	A	$val\n";
    recprint($zonefiles, $loclist, $loc, $recdata);
  } # A

  elsif ($typemap{$type} eq 'NS') {
    if ($revrec eq 'y') {
      $val = NetAddr::IP->new($val);

##fixme:  conversion for sub-/24 delegations in reverse zones?
#      if (!$val->{isv6} && ($val->masklen > 24)) {
#      }

#      print {$zonefiles->{$loc}} "$zone       $ttl    IN      NS      $host\n";
#      print "$zone     $ttl    IN      NS      $host\n" or die $!;
      my $recdata = "$zone	$ttl	IN	NS	$host\n";
      recprint($zonefiles, $loclist, $loc, $recdata);

    } else {
#      print $datafile "\&$host"."::$val:$ttl:$stamp:$loc\n" or die $!;
    }
  } # NS

  elsif ($typemap{$type} eq 'AAAA') {
#    ($host,$val) = __revswap($host,$val) if $revrec eq 'y';
#    print {$zonefiles->{$loc}} "$host  $ttl    IN      AAAA    $val\n" or die $!;
    my $recdata = "$host	$ttl	IN	AAAA	$val\n";
    recprint($zonefiles, $loclist, $loc, $recdata);
  } # AAAA

  elsif ($typemap{$type} eq 'TXT') {
#    ($host,$val) = __revswap($host,$val) if $revrec eq 'y';
#    print {$zonefiles->{$loc}} "$host  $ttl    IN      TXT     \"$val\"\n" or die $!;
    my $recdata = "$host	$ttl	IN	TXT	\"$val\"\n";
    recprint($zonefiles, $loclist, $loc, $recdata);
  } # TXT

  elsif ($typemap{$type} eq 'CNAME') {
#    ($host,$val) = __revswap($host,$val) if $revrec eq 'y';
#    print {$zonefiles->{$loc}} "$host  $ttl    IN      CNAME   $val\n" or die $!;
    my $recdata = "$host	$ttl	IN	CNAME	$val\n";
    recprint($zonefiles, $loclist, $loc, $recdata);
  } # CNAME

  elsif ($typemap{$type} eq 'SRV') {
#    ($host,$val) = __revswap($host,$val) if $revrec eq 'y';
#    print {$zonefiles->{$loc}} "$host  $ttl    IN      SRV     $distance   $weight $port   $val\n" or die $!;
    my $recdata = "$host	$ttl	IN	SRV	$distance	$weight $port	$val\n";
    recprint($zonefiles, $loclist, $loc, $recdata);
  } # SRV

  elsif ($typemap{$type} eq 'RP') {
#    ($host,$val) = __revswap($host,$val) if $revrec eq 'y';
#    print {$zonefiles->{$loc}} "$host  $ttl    IN      RP      $val\n" or die $!;
    my $recdata = "$host	$ttl	IN	RP	$val\n";
    recprint($zonefiles, $loclist, $loc, $recdata);
  } # RP


  elsif ($typemap{$type} eq 'PTR') {
    $$recflags{$val}++;
    if ($revrec eq 'y') {

      if ($val =~ /\.arpa$/) {
        # someone put in the formal .arpa name.  humor them.
#        print {$zonefiles->{$loc}} "$val	$ttl	IN	PTR	$host\n" or die $!;
        my $recdata = "$val	$ttl	IN	PTR	$host\n";
        recprint($zonefiles, $loclist, $loc, $recdata);
      } else {
        $zone = NetAddr::IP->new($zone);
        if (!$zone->{isv6} && $zone->masklen > 24) {
          # sub-octet v4 zone
          ($val) = ($val =~ /\.(\d+)$/);
#          print {$zonefiles->{$loc}} "$val.".DNSDB::_ZONE($zone, 'ZONE', 'r', '.').'.in-addr.arpa'.
#		"	$ttl	IN	PTR	$host\n"
#            or die $!;
          my $recdata = "$val.".DNSDB::_ZONE($zone, 'ZONE', 'r', '.').".in-addr.arpa	$ttl	IN	PTR	$host\n";
          recprint($zonefiles, $loclist, $loc, $recdata);
        } else {
          # not going to care about strange results if $val is not an IP value and is resolveable in DNS
          $val = NetAddr::IP->new($val);
#          print {$zonefiles->{$loc}} DNSDB::_ZONE($val, 'ZONE', 'r', '.').($val->{isv6} ? '.ip6.arpa' : '.in-addr.arpa').
#		"	$ttl	IN	PTR	$host\n"
#            or die $!;
          my $recdata = DNSDB::_ZONE($val, 'ZONE', 'r', '.').($val->{isv6} ? '.ip6.arpa' : '.in-addr.arpa').
		"	$ttl	IN	PTR	$host\n";
          recprint($zonefiles, $loclist, $loc, $recdata);
        }
      } # non-".arpa" $val

    } else {
      # PTRs in forward zones are less bizarre and insane than some other record types
      # in reverse zones...  OTOH we can't validate them any which way, so we cross our
      # fingers and close our eyes and make it Someone Else's Problem.
#      print {$zonefiles->{$loc}} "$host	$ttl	IN	PTR	$val\n" or die $!;
      my $recdata = "$host	$ttl	IN	PTR	$val\n";
      recprint($zonefiles, $loclist, $loc, $recdata);
    }
  } # PTR

  elsif ($type == 65280) { # A+PTR
    # Recurse to PTR or A as appropriate because BIND et al don't share
    # the tinydns concept of merged forward/reverse records
    $$recflags{$val}++;
    if ($revrec eq 'y') {
      publishrec_bind($zonefiles, $loclist, $recid, $revrec, $recflags, $zone, $host, 12, $val, $distance, $weight, $port, $ttl,
       $loc, $stamp, $expires, $stampactive);
#print {$zonefiles->{$loc}} "=$host:$val:$ttl:$stamp:$loc\n" or die $!;
#          publishrec_bind(\%zonefiles, $recid, 'y', \@loclist, $revzone,
#            $host, $type, $val, $dist, $weight, $port, $ttl, $loc, $stamp, $expires, $stampactive);
#  my ($zonefiles, $recid, $revrec, $loclist, $zone, $host, $type, $val, $distance, $weight, $port, $ttl,
#        $loc, $stamp, $expires, $stampactive) = @_;
    } else {
      publishrec_bind($zonefiles, $loclist, $recid, $revrec, $recflags, $zone, $host, 1, $val, $distance, $weight, $port, $ttl,
       $loc, $stamp, $expires, $stampactive);
    }
  } # A+PTR

  elsif ($type == 65282) { # PTR template
    # only useful for v4 with standard DNS software, since this expands all
    # IPs in $zone (or possibly $val?) with autogenerated records
    $val = NetAddr::IP->new($val);
    return if $val->{isv6};

    if ($val->masklen <= 16) {
      foreach my $sub ($val->split(16)) {
        __publish_template_bind($sub, $recflags, $host, $zonefiles, $loclist, $ttl, $stamp, $loc, $zone, $revrec);
      }
    } else {
      __publish_template_bind($sub, $recflags, $host, $zonefiles, $loclist, $ttl, $stamp, $loc, $zone, $revrec);
    }
  } # PTR template

  elsif ($type == 65283) { # A+PTR template
    $val = NetAddr::IP->new($val);
    # Just In Case.  An A+PTR should be impossible to add to a v6 revzone via API.
    return if $val->{isv6};

    if ($val->masklen < 16) {
      foreach my $sub ($val->split(16)) {
        __publish_template_bind($sub, $recflags, $host, $zonefiles, $loclist, $ttl, $stamp, $loc, $zone, $revrec);
      }
    } else {
      __publish_template_bind($sub, $recflags, $host, $zonefiles, $loclist, $ttl, $stamp, $loc, $zone, $revrec);
    }
  } # A+PTR template
 
  elsif ($type == 65284) { # AAAA+PTR template
    # Stub for completeness.  Could be exported to DNS software that supports
    # some degree of internal automagic in generic-record-creation
    # (eg http://search.cpan.org/dist/AllKnowingDNS/ )
  } # AAAA+PTR template

} # publishrec_bind()


sub __publish_template_bind {
  my $sub = shift;
  my $recflags = shift;
  my $hpat = shift;
  my $zonefiles = shift;
  my $loclist = shift;
  my $ttl = shift;
  my $stamp = shift;
  my $loc = shift;
  my $zone = new NetAddr::IP shift;
  my $revrec = shift || 'y';
#  my $ptrflag = shift || 0;    ##fixme:  default to PTR instead of A record for the BIND variant of this sub?

  # do this conversion once, not (number-of-ips-in-subnet) times
  my $arpabase = DNSDB::_ZONE($zone, 'ZONE.in-addr.arpa', 'r', '.');

  my $iplist = $sub->splitref(32);
  my $ipindex = -1;
  foreach (@$iplist) {
    my $ip = $_->addr;
    $ipindex++;
    # make as if we split the non-octet-aligned block into octet-aligned blocks as with SOA
    my $lastoct = (split /\./, $ip)[3];

    # Allow smaller entries to override longer ones, eg, a specific PTR will
    # always publish, overriding any template record containing that IP.
    # %blank% also needs to be per-IP here to properly cascade overrides with
    # multiple nested templates
    next if $$recflags{$ip}; # && $self->{skip_bcast_255}
    $$recflags{$ip}++;
    next if $hpat eq '%blank%';

    my $rec = $hpat;  # start fresh with the template for each IP
##fixme:  there really isn't a good way to handle sub-/24 zones here.  This way at least
# seems less bad than some alternatives.
    $dnsdb->_template4_expand(\$rec, $ip, \$sub, $ipindex);
    # _template4_expand may blank $rec;  if so, don't publish a record
    next if !$rec;
##fixme:  trim merged record type voodoo.  "if ($ptrflag) {} else {}" ?
#    if ($ptrflag || $zone->masklen > 24) {
    my $recdata;
    if ($revrec eq 'y') {
# || $zone->masklen > 24) {
#      print $fh "^$lastoct.$arpabase:$rec:$ttl:$stamp:$loc\n" or die $!;
##fixme: use $ORIGIN instead?  make the FQDN output switchable-optional?
#      print $fh "$lastoct.$arpabase    $ttl    IN      PTR     $rec\n" or die $!;
#      if ($revrec ne 'y') {
        # print a separate A record.  Arguably we could use an = record here instead.
#        print $fh "+$rec:$ip:$ttl:$stamp:$loc\n" or die $!;
#        print $fh "$rec	$ttl	IN	A	$ip\n" or die $!;
#      }
      $recdata = "$lastoct.$arpabase	$ttl	IN	PTR	$rec\n";
    } else {
      # A record, not merged
#      print $fh "=$rec:$ip:$ttl:$stamp:$loc\n" or die $!;
#      print $fh "$rec	$ttl	IN	A	$ip\n" or die $!;
      $recdata = "$rec	$ttl	IN	A	$ip\n";
    }
    # and finally 
    recprint($zonefiles, $loclist, $loc, $recdata);
  } # foreach (@iplist)
} # __publish_template_bind()


# actual record printing sub
# loop on the locations here so we don't end up with a huge pot of copypasta
sub recprint {
  my ($zonefiles, $loclist, $loc, $recdata) = @_;
  if ($loc eq '') {
    # "common" record visible in all locations
    foreach my $rloc (@{$loclist}) {
      print {$zonefiles->{$rloc}} $recdata or die $!;
    }
  } else {
    # record with specific location tagged
    print {$zonefiles->{$loc}} $recdata or die $!;
  }
}

1;