source: trunk/cgi-bin/IPDB.pm@ 721

# ipdb/cgi-bin/IPDB.pm
# Contains functions for IPDB - database access, subnet mangling, block allocation, etc
###
# SVN revision info
# $Date: 2015-05-08 17:48:11 +0000 (Fri, 08 May 2015) $
# SVN revision $Rev: 721 $
# Last update by $Author: kdeugau $
###
# Copyright (C) 2004-2010 - Kris Deugau

package IPDB;

use strict;
use warnings;
use Exporter;
use DBI;
use Net::SMTP;
use NetAddr::IP qw(:lower Compact );
use Frontier::Client;
use POSIX;
use vars qw($VERSION @ISA @EXPORT @EXPORT_OK %EXPORT_TAGS);

$VERSION        = 2; ##VERSION##
@ISA            = qw(Exporter);
@EXPORT_OK    = qw(
        %disp_alloctypes %list_alloctypes %def_custids @citylist @poplist
        %IPDBacl %aclmsg %rpcacl $maxfcgi
        $errstr
        &initIPDBGlobals &connectDB &finish &checkDBSanity
        &addMaster &touchMaster
        &listSummary &listSubs &listContainers &listAllocations &listForMerge &listFree &listPool
        &getMasterList &getTypeList &getPoolSelect &findAllocateFrom
        &ipParent &subParent &blockParent &getBreadCrumbs &getRoutedCity
        &allocateBlock &updateBlock &splitBlock &shrinkBlock &deleteBlock &getBlockData
        &getBlockRDNS &getRDNSbyIP
        &getNodeList &getNodeName &getNodeInfo
        &mailNotify
        );

@EXPORT         = (); # Export nothing by default.
%EXPORT_TAGS    = ( ALL => [qw(
                %disp_alloctypes %list_alloctypes %def_custids @citylist @poplist
                %IPDBacl %aclmsg %rpcacl $maxfcgi
                $errstr
                &initIPDBGlobals &connectDB &finish &checkDBSanity
                &addMaster &touchMaster
                &listSummary &listSubs &listContainers &listAllocations &listForMerge &listFree &listPool
                &getMasterList &getTypeList &getPoolSelect &findAllocateFrom
                &ipParent &subParent &blockParent &getBreadCrumbs &getRoutedCity
                &allocateBlock &updateBlock &splitBlock &shrinkBlock &deleteBlock &getBlockData
                &getBlockRDNS &getRDNSbyIP
                &getNodeList &getNodeName &getNodeInfo
                &mailNotify
                )]
        );

##
## Global variables
##
our %disp_alloctypes;
our %list_alloctypes;
our %def_custids;
our @citylist;
our @poplist;
our %IPDBacl;

# mapping table for functional-area => error message
our %aclmsg = (
        addmaster       => 'add a master block',
        addblock        => 'add an allocation',
        updateblock     => 'update a block',
        delblock        => 'delete an allocation',
        );

our %rpcacl;
our $maxfcgi = 3;

# error reporting
our $errstr = '';

our $org_name = 'Example Corp';
our $smtphost = 'smtp.example.com';
our $domain = 'example.com';
our $defcustid = '5554242';
our $smtpsender = 'ipdb@example.com';
# mostly for rwhois
##fixme:  leave these blank by default?
our $rwhoisDataPath = '/usr/local/rwhoisd/etc/rwhoisd'; # to match ./configure defaults from rwhoisd-1.5.9.6
our $org_street = '123 4th Street';
our $org_city = 'Anytown';
our $org_prov_state = 'ON';
our $org_pocode = 'H0H 0H0';
our $org_country = 'CA';
our $org_phone = '000-555-1234';
our $org_techhandle = 'ISP-ARIN-HANDLE';
our $org_email = 'noc@example.com';
our $hostmaster = 'dns@example.com';

our $syslog_facility = 'local2';

our $rpc_url = '';
our $revgroup = 1;      # should probably be configurable somewhere
our $rpccount = 0;

# Largest inverse CIDR mask length to show per-IP rDNS list
# (eg, NetAddr::IP->bits - NetAddr::IP->masklen)
our $maxrevlist = 5;  # /27

# UI layout for subblocks/containers
our $sublistlayout = 1;

# VLAN validation mode.  Set to 0 to allow alphanumeric vlan names instead of using the vlan number.
our $numeric_vlan = 1;


##
## Internal utility functions
##

## IPDB::_rpc
# Make an RPC call for DNS changes
sub _rpc {
  return if !$rpc_url;  # Just In Case
  my $rpcsub = shift;
  my %args = @_;

  # Make an object to represent the XML-RPC server.
  my $server = Frontier::Client->new(url => $rpc_url, debug => 0);
  my $result;

  my %rpcargs = (
        rpcsystem => 'ipdb',
# must be provided by caller's caller
#       rpcuser => $args{user},
        %args,
        );

  eval {
    $result = $server->call("dnsdb.$rpcsub", %rpcargs);
  };
  if ($@) {
    $errstr = $@;
    $errstr =~ s/\s*$//;
    $errstr =~ s/Fault returned from XML RPC Server, fault code 4: error executing RPC `dnsdb.$rpcsub'\.\s//;
  }
  $rpccount++;

  return $result if $result;
} # end _rpc()


## IPDB::_compactFree()
# Utility sub to compact a set of free block entries down to the minimum possible set of CIDR entries
# Not to be called outside of an eval{}!
sub _compactFree {
  my $dbh = shift;

  my $parent = shift;

  # Rather than having the caller provide all the details
  my $pinfo = getBlockData($dbh, $parent);
  my $ftype = (split //, $pinfo->{type})[1];

# NetAddr::IP->compact() attempts to produce the smallest inclusive block
# from the caller and the passed terms.
# EG:  if you call $cidr->compact($ip1,$ip2,$ip3) when $cidr, $ip1, $ip2,
#       and $ip3 are consecutive /27's starting on .0 (.0-.31, .32-.63,
#       .64-.95, and .96-.128), you will get an array containing a single
#       /25 as element 0 (.0-.127).  Order is not important;  you could have
#       $cidr=.32/27, $ip1=.96/27, $ip2=.0/27, and $ip3=.64/27.

##fixme: vrf
##fixme:  simplify since all containers now represent different "layers"/"levels"?

  # set up the query to get the list of blocks to try to merge.
  my $sth = $dbh->prepare(q{
        SELECT cidr,id FROM freeblocks
        WHERE parent_id = ?
        ORDER BY masklen(cidr) DESC
        });
  $sth->execute($parent);

  my (@rawfb, @combinelist, %rawid);
  my $i=0;
  # for each free block under $parent, push a NetAddr::IP object into one list, and
  # continuously use NetAddr::IP->compact to automagically merge netblocks as possible.
  while (my ($fcidr, $fid) = $sth->fetchrow_array) {
    my $testIP = new NetAddr::IP $fcidr;
    push @rawfb, $testIP;
    $rawid{"$testIP"} = $fid;  # $data[0] vs "$testIP" *does* make a difference for v6
    @combinelist = $testIP->compact(@combinelist);
  }

  # now that we have the full list of "compacted" freeblocks, go back over
  # the list of raw freeblocks, and delete the ones that got merged.
  $sth = $dbh->prepare("DELETE FROM freeblocks WHERE id = ?");
  foreach my $rawfree (@rawfb) {
    next if grep { $rawfree == $_ } @combinelist;       # skip if the raw block is in the compacted list
    $sth->execute($rawid{$rawfree});
  }

  # now we walk the new list of compacted blocks, and see which ones we need to insert
  $sth = $dbh->prepare("INSERT INTO freeblocks (cidr,city,routed,parent_id,master_id) VALUES (?,?,?,?,?)");
  foreach my $cme (@combinelist) {
    next if grep { $cme == $_ } @rawfb; # skip if the combined block was in the raw list
    $sth->execute($cme, $pinfo->{city}, $ftype, $parent, $pinfo->{master_id});
  }

} # end _compactFree()


## IPDB::_deleteCascade()
# Internal sub.  Deletes an allocation and all subcomponents
sub _deleteCascade {
  my $dbh = shift;
  my $id = shift;

  my $binfo = getBlockData($dbh, $id);

##fixme:  special-case master blocks up here and quickly delete based on master_id,
# instead of wasting time tracing parent relations

  # grab all allocations in the master within the CIDR of the block to be deleted
  my %parents;
  my %cidrlist;
##fixme: limit by VRF?
  my $sth = $dbh->prepare("SELECT cidr,id,parent_id FROM allocations WHERE cidr <<= ? AND master_id = ?");
  $sth->execute($binfo->{block}, $binfo->{master_id});
  while (my ($cidr, $cid, $pid) = $sth->fetchrow_array) {
    $parents{$cid} = $pid;
    $cidrlist{$cid} = $cidr;
  }

  # Trace the parent relations up the tree until we either hit parent ID 0 (we've found a master block
  # but not the parent we're looking for - arguably this is already an error) or the parent ID matches
  # the passed ID.  If the latter, push the whole set into a second flag hash, so we can terminate
  # further tree-tracing early.
  my %found;
  foreach my $cid (keys %parents) {
    my @tmp;
    if ($cid == $id) {
      # "child" is the ID we've been asked to cascade-delete.
      $found{$cid}++;
    } elsif ($found{$cid}) {
      # ID already seen and the chain terminates in our parent.
    } elsif ($parents{$cid} == $id) {
      # Immediate parent is the target parent
      $found{$cid}++;
    } else {
      # Immediate parent isn't the one we're looking for.  Walk the chain up until we hit our parent,
      # the nonexistent parent id 0, or undefined (ID is not a child of the target ID at all)
      # There are probably better ways to structure this loop.
      while (1) {
        # cache the ID
        push @tmp, $cid;
        # some very particularly defined loop ending conditions
        if (!defined($parents{$cid}) || $parents{$cid} == $id || $parents{$cid} == 0) {
          last;
        } else {
          # if we haven't found either the desired parent or another limiting condition,
          # reset the ID to the parent next up the tree
          $cid = $parents{$cid};
        }
      }
      # if the current chain of relations ended with our target parent, shuffle the cached IDs into a flag hash
      if (defined($parents{$cid}) && $parents{$cid} == $id) {
        foreach (@tmp) { $found{$_}++; }
      }
    } # else
  } # foreach my $cid

  # Use the keys in the flag hash to determine which allocations to actually delete.
  # Delete matching freeblocks and pool IPs;  their parents are going away so we want
  # to make sure we don't leave orphaned records lying around loose.
  my @dellist = keys %found;
  push @dellist, $id;  # Just In Case the target ID didn't make the list earlier.
  my $b = '?'. (',?' x $#dellist);
  $dbh->do("DELETE FROM allocations WHERE id IN ($b)", undef, (@dellist) );
  $dbh->do("DELETE FROM freeblocks WHERE parent_id IN ($b)", undef, (@dellist) );
  $dbh->do("DELETE FROM poolips WHERE parent_id IN ($b)", undef, (@dellist) );

  # Insert a new free block in the target's parent, unless we just deleted a whole master block.
  if ($binfo->{type} ne 'mm') {
    my $pinfo = getBlockData($dbh, $binfo->{parent_id});
    my $pt = (split //, $pinfo->{type})[1];
    $dbh->do("INSERT INTO freeblocks (cidr,city,routed,parent_id,vrf,master_id) VALUES (?,?,?,?,?,?)", undef,
        $binfo->{block}, $pinfo->{city}, $pt, $binfo->{parent_id}, $pinfo->{vrf}, $binfo->{master_id});
  }

##todo: and hey!  bonus!  we can return @dellist, or something (%cidrlist{@dellist})
} # end _deleteCascade()


##
## Public subs
##


## IPDB::initIPDBGlobals()
# Initialize all globals.  Takes a database handle, returns a success or error code
sub initIPDBGlobals {
  my $dbh = $_[0];
  my $sth;

  # Initialize alloctypes hashes
  $sth = $dbh->prepare("select type,listname,dispname,listorder,def_custid from alloctypes order by listorder");
  $sth->execute;
  while (my @data = $sth->fetchrow_array) {
    $disp_alloctypes{$data[0]} = $data[2];
    $def_custids{$data[0]} = $data[4];
    if ($data[3] < 900) {
      $list_alloctypes{$data[0]} = $data[1];
    }
  }

  # City and POP listings
  $sth = $dbh->prepare("select city,routing from cities order by city");
  $sth->execute;
  return (undef,$sth->errstr) if $sth->err;
  while (my @data = $sth->fetchrow_array) {
    push @citylist, $data[0];
    if ($data[1] eq 'y') {
      push @poplist, $data[0];
    }
  }

  # Load ACL data.  Specific username checks are done at a different level.
  $sth = $dbh->prepare("select username,acl from users");
  $sth->execute;
  return (undef,$sth->errstr) if $sth->err;
  while (my @data = $sth->fetchrow_array) {
    $IPDBacl{$data[0]} = $data[1];
  }

##fixme:  initialize HTML::Template env var for template path
# something like $self->path().'/templates' ?
#  $ENV{HTML_TEMPLATE_ROOT} = 'foo/bar';

  return (1,"OK");
} # end initIPDBGlobals


## IPDB::connectDB()
# Creates connection to IPDB.
# Requires the database name, username, and password.
# Returns a handle to the db.
# Set up for a PostgreSQL db;  could be any transactional DBMS with the
# right changes.
sub connectDB {
  my $dbname = shift;
  my $user = shift;
  my $pass = shift;
  my $dbhost = shift;

  my $dbh;
  my $DSN = "DBI:Pg:".($dbhost ? "host=$dbhost;" : '')."dbname=$dbname";

# Note that we want to autocommit by default, and we will turn it off locally as necessary.
# We may not want to print gobbledygook errors;  YMMV.  Have to ponder that further.
  $dbh = DBI->connect($DSN, $user, $pass, {
        AutoCommit => 1,
        PrintError => 0
        })
    or return (undef, $DBI::errstr) if(!$dbh);

# Return here if we can't select.  Note that this indicates a
# problem executing the select.
  my $sth = $dbh->prepare("select type from alloctypes");
  $sth->execute();
  return (undef,$DBI::errstr) if ($sth->err);

# See if the select returned anything (or null data).  This should
# succeed if the select executed, but...
  $sth->fetchrow();
  return (undef,$DBI::errstr)  if ($sth->err);

# If we get here, we should be OK.
  return ($dbh,"DB connection OK");
} # end connectDB


## IPDB::finish()
# Cleans up after database handles and so on.
# Requires a database handle
sub finish {
  my $dbh = $_[0];
  $dbh->disconnect if $dbh;
} # end finish


## IPDB::checkDBSanity()
# Quick check to see if the db is responding.  A full integrity
# check will have to be a separate tool to walk the IP allocation trees.
sub checkDBSanity {
  my ($dbh) = $_[0];

  if (!$dbh) {
    print "No database handle, or connection has been closed.";
    return -1;
  } else {
    # it connects, try a stmt.
    my $sth = $dbh->prepare("select type from alloctypes");
    my $err = $sth->execute();

    if ($sth->fetchrow()) {
      # all is well.
      return 1;
    } else {
      print "Connected to the database, but could not execute test statement.  ".$sth->errstr();
      return -1;
    }
  }
  # Clean up after ourselves.
#  $dbh->disconnect;
} # end checkDBSanity


## IPDB::addMaster()
# Does all the magic necessary to sucessfully add a master block
# Requires database handle, block to add
# Returns failure code and error message or success code and "message"
sub addMaster {
  my $dbh = shift;
        # warning!  during testing, this somehow generated a "Bad file descriptor" error.  O_o
  my $cidr = new NetAddr::IP shift;
  my %args = @_;

  $args{vrf} = '' if !$args{vrf};
  $args{rdns} = '' if !$args{rdns};
  $args{defloc} = '' if !$args{defloc};
  $args{rwhois} = 'n' if !$args{rwhois};        # fail "safe", sort of.
  $args{rwhois} = 'n' if $args{rwhois} ne 'n' and $args{rwhois} ne 'y';

  my $mid;

  # Allow transactions, and raise an exception on errors so we can catch it later.
  # Use local to make sure these get "reset" properly on exiting this block
  local $dbh->{AutoCommit} = 0;
  local $dbh->{RaiseError} = 1;

  # Wrap all the SQL in a transaction
  eval {
    # First check - does the master exist?  Ignore VRFs until we can see a sane UI
    my ($mcontained) = $dbh->selectrow_array("SELECT cidr FROM allocations WHERE cidr >>= ? AND type = 'mm'",
        undef, ($cidr) );
    die "Master block $mcontained already exists and entirely contains $cidr\n"
        if $mcontained;

    # Second check - does the new master contain an existing one or ones?
    my ($mexist) = $dbh->selectrow_array("SELECT cidr FROM allocations WHERE cidr <<= ? AND type = 'mm'",
        undef, ($cidr) );

    if (!$mexist) {
      # First case - master is brand-spanking-new.
##fixme: rwhois should be globally-flagable somewhere, much like a number of other things
## maybe a db table called "config"?
      $dbh->do("INSERT INTO allocations (cidr,type,swip,vrf,rdns) VALUES (?,?,?,?,?)", undef,
        ($cidr, 'mm', 'y', $args{vrf}, $args{rdns}) );
      ($mid) = $dbh->selectrow_array("SELECT currval('allocations_id_seq')");

# Unrouted blocks aren't associated with a city (yet).  We don't rely on this
# elsewhere though;  legacy data may have traps and pitfalls in it to break this.
# Thus the "routed" flag.
      $dbh->do("INSERT INTO freeblocks (cidr,city,routed,parent_id,vrf,master_id) VALUES (?,?,?,?,?,?)", undef,
        ($cidr, '<NULL>', 'm', $mid, $args{vrf}, $mid) );

      # master should be its own master, so deletes directly at the master level work
      $dbh->do("UPDATE allocations SET master_id = ? WHERE id = ?", undef, ($mid, $mid) );

      # If we get here, everything is happy.  Commit changes.
      $dbh->commit;

    } # done new master does not contain existing master(s)
    else {

      # collect the master(s) we're going to absorb, and snag the longest netmask while we're at it.
      my $smallmask = $cidr->masklen;
      my $sth = $dbh->prepare("SELECT cidr,id FROM allocations WHERE cidr <<= ? AND type='mm' AND parent_id=0");
      $sth->execute($cidr);
      my @cmasters;
      my @oldmids;
      while (my @data = $sth->fetchrow_array) {
        my $master = new NetAddr::IP $data[0];
        push @cmasters, $master;
        push @oldmids, $data[1];
        $smallmask = $master->masklen if $master->masklen > $smallmask;
      }

      # split the new master, and keep only those blocks not part of an existing master
      my @blocklist;
      foreach my $seg ($cidr->split($smallmask)) {
        my $contained = 0;
        foreach my $master (@cmasters) {
          $contained = 1 if $master->contains($seg);
        }
        push @blocklist, $seg if !$contained;
      }

##fixme:  master_id
      # collect the unrouted free blocks within the new master
      $sth = $dbh->prepare("SELECT cidr FROM freeblocks WHERE masklen(cidr) <= ? AND cidr <<= ? AND routed = 'm'");
      $sth->execute($smallmask, $cidr);
      while (my @data = $sth->fetchrow_array) {
        my $freeblock = new NetAddr::IP $data[0];
        push @blocklist, $freeblock;
      }

      # combine the set of free blocks we should have now.
      @blocklist = Compact(@blocklist);

      # master
      $dbh->do("INSERT INTO allocations (cidr,type,swip,vrf,rdns) VALUES (?,?,?,?,?)", undef,
        ($cidr, 'mm', 'y', $args{vrf}, $args{rdns}) );
      ($mid) = $dbh->selectrow_array("SELECT currval('allocations_id_seq')");

      # master should be its own master, so deletes directly at the master level work
      $dbh->do("UPDATE allocations SET master_id = ? WHERE id = ?", undef, ($mid, $mid) );

      # and now insert the new data.  Make sure to delete old masters too.

      # freeblocks
      $sth = $dbh->prepare("DELETE FROM freeblocks WHERE cidr <<= ? AND parent_id IN (".join(',', @oldmids).")");
      my $sth2 = $dbh->prepare("INSERT INTO freeblocks (cidr,city,routed,parent_id,vrf,master_id)".
        " VALUES (?,'<NULL>','m',?,?,?)");
      foreach my $newblock (@blocklist) {
        $sth->execute($newblock);
        $sth2->execute($newblock, $mid, $args{vrf}, $mid);
      }

      # Update immediate allocations, and remove the old parents
      $sth = $dbh->prepare("UPDATE allocations SET parent_id = ? WHERE parent_id = ?");
      $sth2 = $dbh->prepare("DELETE FROM allocations WHERE id = ?");
      foreach my $old (@oldmids) {
        $sth->execute($mid, $old);
        $sth2->execute($old);
      }

      # *whew*  If we got here, we likely suceeded.
      $dbh->commit;

    } # new master contained existing master(s)
  }; # end eval

  if ($@) {
    my $msg = $@;
    eval { $dbh->rollback; };
    return ('FAIL',$msg);
  } else {

    # Only attempt rDNS if the IPDB side succeeded
    if ($rpc_url) {

# Note *not* splitting reverse zones negates any benefit from caching the exported data.
# IPv6 address space is far too large to split usefully, and in any case (also due to
# the large address space) doesn't support the iterated template records v4 zones do
# that causes the bulk of the slowdown that needs the cache anyway.

      my @zonelist;
# allow splitting reverse zones to be disabled, maybe, someday
#if ($splitrevzones && !$cidr->{isv6}) {
      if (1 && !$cidr->{isv6}) {
        my $splitpoint = ($cidr->masklen <= 16 ? 16 : 24);      # hack pthui
        @zonelist = $cidr->split($splitpoint);
      } else {
        @zonelist = ($cidr);
      }
      my @fails;
      ##fixme:  remove hardcoding where possible
      foreach my $subzone (@zonelist) {
        my %rpcargs = (
          rpcuser => $args{user},
          revzone => "$subzone",
          revpatt => $args{rdns},
          defloc => $args{defloc},
          group => $revgroup,   # not sure how these two could sanely be exposed, tbh...
          state => 1,   # could make them globally configurable maybe
        );
        if ($rpc_url && !_rpc('addRDNS', %rpcargs)) {
          push @fails, ("$subzone" => $errstr);
        }
      }
      if (@fails) {
        $errstr = "Warning(s) adding $cidr to reverse DNS:\n".join("\n", @fails);
        return ('WARN',$mid);
      }
    }
    return ('OK',$mid);
  }
} # end addMaster


## IPDB::touchMaster()
# Update last-changed timestamp on a master block.
sub touchMaster {
  my $dbh = shift; 
  my $master = shift;

  local $dbh->{AutoCommit} = 0;
  local $dbh->{RaiseError} = 1;

  eval {
    $dbh->do("UPDATE allocations SET modifystamp=now() WHERE id = ?", undef, ($master));
    $dbh->commit;
  };

  if ($@) {
    my $msg = $@;
    eval { $dbh->rollback; };
    return ('FAIL',$msg);
  }
  return ('OK','OK');
} # end touchMaster()


## IPDB::listSummary()
# Get summary list of all master blocks
# Returns an arrayref to a list of hashrefs containing the master block, routed count,
# allocated count, free count, and largest free block masklength
sub listSummary {
  my $dbh = shift;

  my $mlist = $dbh->selectall_arrayref("SELECT cidr AS master,id,vrf FROM allocations ".
        "WHERE type='mm' ORDER BY cidr",
        { Slice => {} });

  foreach (@{$mlist}) {
    my ($rcnt) = $dbh->selectrow_array("SELECT count(*) FROM allocations WHERE cidr <<= ? AND type='rm' AND master_id = ?",
        undef, ($$_{master}, $$_{id}));
    $$_{routed} = $rcnt;
    my ($acnt) = $dbh->selectrow_array("SELECT count(*) FROM allocations WHERE cidr <<= ? ".
        "AND NOT type='rm' AND NOT type='mm' AND master_id = ?",
        undef, ($$_{master}, $$_{id}));
    $$_{allocated} = $acnt;
    my ($fcnt) = $dbh->selectrow_array("SELECT count(*) FROM freeblocks WHERE cidr <<= ? AND master_id = ?",
        undef, ($$_{master}, $$_{id}));
    $$_{free} = $fcnt;
    my ($bigfree) = $dbh->selectrow_array("SELECT masklen(cidr) AS maskbits FROM freeblocks WHERE cidr <<= ?".
        " AND master_id = ? ORDER BY masklen(cidr) LIMIT 1", undef, ($$_{master}, $$_{id}));
##fixme:  should find a way to do this without having to HTMLize the <>
    $bigfree = "/$bigfree" if $bigfree;
    $bigfree = '<NONE>' if !$bigfree;
    $$_{bigfree} = $bigfree;
  }
  return $mlist;
} # end listSummary()


## IPDB::listSubs()
# Get list of subnets within a specified CIDR block, on a specified VRF.
# Returns an arrayref to a list of hashrefs containing the CIDR block, customer location or
# city it's routed to, block type, SWIP status, and description
sub listSubs {
  my $dbh = shift;
  my %args = @_;

  # Just In Case
  $args{vrf} = '' if !$args{vrf};

  # Snag the allocations for this block
  my $sth = $dbh->prepare("SELECT cidr,city,type,custid,swip,description,vrf,id,master_id".
        " FROM allocations WHERE parent_id = ? ORDER BY cidr");
  $sth->execute($args{parent});

  # hack hack hack
  # set up to flag swip=y records if they don't actually have supporting data in the customers table
  my $custsth = $dbh->prepare("SELECT count(*) FROM customers WHERE custid = ?");

  # snag some more details
  my $substh = $dbh->prepare("SELECT count(*) FROM allocations WHERE cidr <<= ? ".
        "AND type ~ '[mc]\$' AND master_id = ? AND NOT cidr = ? ");
  my $alsth = $dbh->prepare("SELECT count(*) FROM allocations WHERE cidr <<= ? ".
        "AND NOT type='rm' AND NOT type='mm' AND master_id = ? AND NOT id = ?");
  my $freesth = $dbh->prepare("SELECT count(*) FROM freeblocks WHERE cidr <<= ? AND master_id = ?");
  my $lfreesth = $dbh->prepare("SELECT masklen(cidr) AS maskbits FROM freeblocks WHERE cidr <<= ?".
        " AND master_id = ? ORDER BY masklen(cidr) LIMIT 1");

  my @blocklist;
  while (my ($cidr,$city,$type,$custid,$swip,$desc,$vrf,$id,$mid) = $sth->fetchrow_array()) {
    $desc .= " - vrf:$vrf" if $desc && $vrf;
    $desc = "vrf:$vrf" if !$desc && $vrf;
    $custsth->execute($custid);
    my ($ncust) = $custsth->fetchrow_array();
    $substh->execute($cidr, $mid, $cidr);
    my ($cont) = $substh->fetchrow_array();
    $alsth->execute($cidr, $mid, $id);
    my ($alloc) = $alsth->fetchrow_array();
    $freesth->execute($cidr, $mid);
    my ($free) = $freesth->fetchrow_array();
    $lfreesth->execute($cidr, $mid);
    my ($lfree) = $lfreesth->fetchrow_array();
    $lfree = "/$lfree" if $lfree;
    $lfree = '<NONE>' if !$lfree;
    my %row = (
        block => $cidr,
        subcontainers => $cont,
        suballocs => $alloc,
        subfree => $free,
        lfree => $lfree,
        city => $city,
        type => $disp_alloctypes{$type},
        custid => $custid,
        swip => ($swip eq 'y' ? 'Yes' : 'No'),
        partswip => ($swip eq 'y' && $ncust == 0 ? 1 : 0),
        desc => $desc,
        hassubs => ($type eq 'rm' || $type =~ /.c/ ? 1 : 0),
        id => $id,
        );
#    $row{subblock} = ($type =~ /^.r$/);         # hmf.  wonder why these won't work in the hash declaration...
    $row{listpool} = ($type =~ /^.[pd]$/);
    push (@blocklist, \%row);
  }
  return \@blocklist;
} # end listSubs()


## IPDB::listContainers()
# List all container-type allocations in a given parent
# Takes a database handle and a hash:
#  - parent is the ID of the parent block
# Returns an arrayref to a list of hashrefs with the CIDR block, location, type,
# description, block ID, and counts for the nmber uf suballocations (all types),
# free blocks, and the CIDR size of the largest free block
sub listContainers {
  my $dbh = shift;
  my %args = @_;

  # Just In Case
  $args{vrf} = '' if !$args{vrf};

  # Snag the allocations for this block
  my $sth = $dbh->prepare("SELECT cidr,city,type,custid,swip,description,vrf,id,master_id".
        " FROM allocations WHERE parent_id = ? AND type ~ '[mc]\$' ORDER BY cidr");
  $sth->execute($args{parent});

  my $alsth = $dbh->prepare("SELECT count(*) FROM allocations WHERE cidr <<= ? ".
        "AND NOT type='rm' AND NOT type='mm' AND master_id = ? AND NOT id = ?");
  my $freesth = $dbh->prepare("SELECT count(*) FROM freeblocks WHERE cidr <<= ? AND master_id = ?");
  my $lfreesth = $dbh->prepare("SELECT masklen(cidr) AS maskbits FROM freeblocks WHERE cidr <<= ?".
        " AND master_id = ? ORDER BY masklen(cidr) LIMIT 1");

  my @blocklist;
  while (my ($cidr,$city,$type,$custid,$swip,$desc,$vrf,$id,$mid) = $sth->fetchrow_array()) {
    $desc .= " - vrf:$vrf" if $desc && $vrf;
    $desc = "vrf:$vrf" if !$desc && $vrf;
    $alsth->execute($cidr, $mid, $id);
    my ($alloc) = $alsth->fetchrow_array();
    $freesth->execute($cidr, $mid);
    my ($free) = $freesth->fetchrow_array();
    $lfreesth->execute($cidr, $mid);
    my ($lfree) = $lfreesth->fetchrow_array();
    $lfree = "/$lfree" if $lfree;
    $lfree = '<NONE>' if !$lfree;
    my %row = (
        block => $cidr,
        suballocs => $alloc,
        subfree => $free,
        lfree => $lfree,
        city => $city,
        type => $disp_alloctypes{$type},
        desc => $desc,
        id => $id,
        );
    push (@blocklist, \%row);
  }
  return \@blocklist;
} # end listContainers()


## IPDB::listAllocations()
# List all end-use allocations in a given parent
# Takes a database handle and a hash:
#  - parent is the ID of the parent block
# Returns an arrayref to a list of hashrefs with the CIDR block, location, type,
# custID, SWIP flag, description, block ID, and master ID
sub listAllocations {
  my $dbh = shift;
  my %args = @_;

  # Snag the allocations for this block
  my $sth = $dbh->prepare("SELECT cidr,city,type,custid,swip,description,vrf,id,master_id".
        " FROM allocations WHERE parent_id = ? AND type !~ '[mc]\$' ORDER BY cidr");
  $sth->execute($args{parent});

  # hack hack hack
  # set up to flag swip=y records if they don't actually have supporting data in the customers table
  my $custsth = $dbh->prepare("SELECT count(*) FROM customers WHERE custid = ?");

  my @blocklist;
  while (my ($cidr,$city,$type,$custid,$swip,$desc,$vrf,$id,$mid) = $sth->fetchrow_array()) {
    $desc .= " - vrf:$vrf" if $desc && $vrf;
    $desc = "vrf:$vrf" if !$desc && $vrf;
    $custsth->execute($custid);
    my ($ncust) = $custsth->fetchrow_array();
    my %row = (
        block => $cidr,
        city => $city,
        type => $disp_alloctypes{$type},
        custid => $custid,
        swip => ($swip eq 'y' ? 'Yes' : 'No'),
        partswip => ($swip eq 'y' && $ncust == 0 ? 1 : 0),
        desc => $desc,
        id => $id,
        );
#    $row{subblock} = ($type =~ /^.r$/);         # hmf.  wonder why these won't work in the hash declaration...
    $row{listpool} = ($type =~ /^.[pd]$/);
    push (@blocklist, \%row);
  }
  return \@blocklist;
} # end listAllocations()


## IPDB::listForMerge()
# Get a list of blocks targetted in a proposed merge
sub listForMerge {
  my $dbh = shift;
  my $parent = shift;
  my $newblock = shift;
  my $btype = shift || 'a';
  $btype = 'a' if $btype !~/^[af]$/;

  my $sql;
  if ($btype eq 'a') {
    my $ret = $dbh->selectall_arrayref(q(
        SELECT a.cidr,a.id,t.dispname FROM allocations a
        JOIN alloctypes t ON a.type=t.type
        WHERE a.parent_id = ? AND a.cidr <<= ?
        ORDER BY a.cidr
        ),
        { Slice => {} }, $parent, $newblock);
    return $ret;
  } else {
##fixme:  Not sure about the casting hackery in "SELECT ?::integer AS id", but it works as intended
    my $ret = $dbh->selectall_arrayref(q(
        SELECT cidr,id FROM freeblocks
        WHERE parent_id IN (SELECT ?::integer AS id UNION
                SELECT id FROM allocations WHERE parent_id = ? AND cidr <<= ?
        ) AND cidr <<= ?
        ORDER BY cidr
        ),
        { Slice => {} }, $parent, $parent, $newblock, $newblock) or print $dbh->errstr;
    return $ret;
  }
} # end listForMerge()


## IPDB::listFree()
# Gets a list of free blocks in the requested parent/master and VRF instance in both CIDR and range notation
# Takes a parent/master ID and an optional VRF specifier that defaults to empty.
# Returns an arrayref to a list of hashrefs containing the CIDR and range-notation blocks
# Returns some extra flags in the hashrefs for routed blocks, since those can have several subtypes
sub listFree {
  my $dbh = shift;

  my %args = @_;
  # Just In Case
  $args{vrf} = '' if !$args{vrf};

  my $sth = $dbh->prepare(q(
        SELECT f.cidr,f.id,allocations.cidr
        FROM freeblocks f
        LEFT JOIN allocations ON f.reserve_for = allocations.id
        WHERE f.parent_id = ?
        ORDER BY f.cidr
        ) );
#  $sth->execute($args{parent}, $args{vrf});
  $sth->execute($args{parent});
  my @flist;
  while (my ($cidr,$id,$resv) = $sth->fetchrow_array()) {
    $cidr = new NetAddr::IP $cidr;
    my %row = (
        fblock => "$cidr",
        frange => $cidr->range,
        fbid => $id,
        fbparent => $args{parent},
        resv => $resv,
        );
    push @flist, \%row;
  }
  return \@flist;
} # end listFree()


## IPDB::listPool()
#
sub listPool {
  my $dbh = shift;
  my $pool = shift;

  my $sth = $dbh->prepare("SELECT ip,custid,available,description,type,id".
        " FROM poolips WHERE parent_id = ? ORDER BY ip");
  $sth->execute($pool);
  my @poolips;
  while (my ($ip,$custid,$available,$desc,$type,$id) = $sth->fetchrow_array) {
    my %row = (
        ip => $ip,
        custid => $custid,
        available => $available,
        desc => $desc,
        delme => $available eq 'n',
        parent => $pool,
        id => $id,
        );
    push @poolips, \%row;
  }
  return \@poolips;
} # end listPool()


## IPDB::getMasterList()
# Get a list of master blocks, optionally including last-modified timestamps
# Takes an optional flag to indicate whether to include timestamps;
#  'm' includes ctime, all others (suggest 'c') do not.
# Returns an arrayref to a list of hashrefs
sub getMasterList {
  my $dbh = shift;
  my $stampme = shift || 'm';   # optional but should be set by caller for clarity

  my $mlist = $dbh->selectall_arrayref("SELECT id,vrf,cidr AS master".($stampme eq 'm' ? ',modifystamp AS mtime' : '').
        " FROM allocations WHERE type='mm' ORDER BY cidr", { Slice => {} });
  return $mlist;
} # end getMasterList()


## IPDB::getTypeList()
# Get an alloctype/description pair list suitable for dropdowns
# Takes a flag to determine which general groups of types are returned
# Returns an reference to an array of hashrefs
sub getTypeList {
  my $dbh = shift;
  my $tgroup = shift || 'a';    # technically optional, like this, but should
                                # really be specified in the call for clarity
  my $seltype = shift || '';

  my $sql = "SELECT type,listname,type=? AS sel FROM alloctypes WHERE listorder <= 500";
  if ($tgroup eq 'n') {
    # grouping 'p' - all netblock types.  These include routed blocks, containers (_c)
    # and contained (_r) types, dynamic-allocation ranges (_e), static IP pools (_d and _p),
    # and the "miscellaneous" cn, in, and en types.
    $sql .= " AND type NOT LIKE '_i'";
  } elsif ($tgroup eq 'p') {
    # grouping 'p' - primary allocation types.  As with 'n' above but without the _r contained types.
    $sql .= " AND type NOT LIKE '_i' AND type NOT LIKE '_r'";
  } elsif ($tgroup eq 'c') {
    # grouping 'c' - contained types.  These include all static IPs and all _r types.
    $sql .= " AND (type LIKE '_i' OR type LIKE '_r')";
  } elsif ($tgroup eq 'i') {
    # grouping 'i' - static IP types.
    $sql .= " AND type LIKE '_i'";
  } else {
    # grouping 'a' - all standard allocation types.  This includes everything
    # but mm (present only as a formality).  Make this the default.
    # ... whee!  no extra WHERE clauses
  }
  $sql .= " ORDER BY listorder";
  my $tlist = $dbh->selectall_arrayref($sql, { Slice => {} }, $seltype);
  return $tlist;
}


## IPDB::getPoolSelect()
# Get a list of pools matching the passed city and type that have 1 or more free IPs
# Returns an arrayref to a list of hashrefs
sub getPoolSelect {
  my $dbh = shift;
  my $iptype = shift;
  my $pcity = shift;

  my ($ptype) = ($iptype =~ /^(.)i$/);
  return if !$ptype;
  $ptype .= '_';

  my $plist = $dbh->selectall_arrayref( q(
        SELECT count(*) AS poolfree,p.pool AS poolblock, a.city AS poolcit
        FROM poolips p
        JOIN allocations a ON p.parent_id=a.id
        WHERE p.available='y' AND a.city = ? AND p.type LIKE ?
        GROUP BY p.pool,a.city
        ),
        { Slice => {} }, ($pcity, $ptype) );
  return $plist;
} # end getPoolSelect()


## IPDB::findAllocateFrom()
# Find free block to add a new allocation from.  (CIDR block version of pool select above, more or less)
# Takes
#  - mask length
#  - allocation type
#  - POP city "parent"
#  - optional master-block restriction
#  - optional flag to allow automatic pick-from-private-network-ranges
# Returns a string with the first CIDR block matching the criteria, if any
sub findAllocateFrom {
  my $dbh = shift;
  my $maskbits = shift;
  my $type = shift;
  my $city = shift;
  my $pop = shift;
  my %optargs = @_;

  my $failmsg = "No suitable free block found\n";

  my @vallist;
  my $sql;

  # Free pool IPs should be easy.
  if ($type =~ /^.i$/) {
    # User may get an IP from the wrong VRF.  User should not be using admin tools to allocate static IPs.
    $sql = "SELECT id, ip, parent_id FROM poolips WHERE ip = ?";
    @vallist = ($optargs{gimme});
  } else {

## Set up the SQL to find out what freeblock we can (probably) use for an allocation.
## Very large systems will require development of a reserve system (possibly an extension
## of the reserve-for-expansion concept in https://secure.deepnet.cx/trac/ipdb/ticket/24?)
## Also populate a value list for the DBI call.

    @vallist = ($maskbits);
    $sql = "SELECT id,cidr,parent_id FROM freeblocks WHERE masklen(cidr) <= ?";

# cases, strict rules
# .c  ->  container type
#   requires a routing container, fbtype r
# .d  ->  DHCP/"normal-routing" static pool
#   requires a routing container, fbtype r
# .e  ->  Dynamic-assignment connectivity
#   requires a routing container, fbtype r
# .i  ->  error, can't allocate static IPs this way?
# mm  ->  error, master block
# rm  ->  routed block
#   requires master block, fbtype m
# .n  ->  Miscellaneous usage
#   requires a routing container, fbtype r
# .p  ->  PPP(oE) static pool
#   requires a routing container, fbtype r
# .r  ->  contained type
#   requires a matching container, fbtype $1
##fixme:  strict-or-not flag

##fixme:  config or UI flag for "Strict" mode
# if ($strictmode) {
if (0) {
  if ($type =~ /^(.)r$/) {
    push @vallist, $1;
    $sql .= " AND routed = ?";
  } elsif ($type eq 'rm') {
    $sql .= " AND routed = 'm'";
  } else {
    $sql .= " AND routed = 'r'";
  }
}

    # for PPP(oE) and container types, the POP city is the one attached to the pool.
    # individual allocations get listed with the customer city site.
    ##fixme:  chain cities to align roughly with a full layer-2 node graph
    $city = $pop if $type !~ /^.[pc]$/;
    if ($type ne 'rm' && $city) {
      $sql .= " AND city = ?";
      push @vallist, $city;
    }
    # Allow specifying an arbitrary full block, instead of a master
    if ($optargs{gimme}) {
      $sql .= " AND cidr >>= ?";
      push @vallist, $optargs{gimme};
    }
    # if a specific master was requested, allow the requestor to self->shoot(foot)
    if ($optargs{master} && $optargs{master} ne '-') {
      $sql .= " AND master_id = ?";
# if $optargs{master} ne '-';
      push @vallist, $optargs{master};
    } else {
      # if a specific master was NOT requested, filter out the RFC 1918 private networks
      if (!$optargs{allowpriv}) {
        $sql .= " AND NOT (cidr <<= '192.168.0.0/16' OR cidr <<= '10.0.0.0/8' OR cidr <<= '172.16.0.0/12')";
      }
    }
    # Keep "reserved" blocks out of automatic assignment.
##fixme:  needs a UI flag or a config knob
    $sql .= " AND reserve_for = 0";
    # Sorting and limiting, since we don't (currently) care to provide a selection of
    # blocks to carve up.  This preserves something resembling optimal usage of the IP
    # space by forcing contiguous allocations and free blocks as much as possible.
    $sql .= " ORDER BY masklen(cidr) DESC,cidr LIMIT 1";
  } # done setting up SQL for free CIDR block

  my ($fbid,$fbfound,$fbparent) = $dbh->selectrow_array($sql, undef, @vallist);
  return $fbid,$fbfound,$fbparent;
} # end findAllocateFrom()


## IPDB::ipParent()
# Get an IP's parent pool's details
# Takes a database handle and IP
# Returns a hashref to the parent pool block, if any
sub ipParent {
  my $dbh = shift;
  my $block = shift;

  my $pinfo = $dbh->selectrow_hashref("SELECT cidr,custid,type,city,description FROM allocations".
        " WHERE cidr >>= ? AND (type LIKE '_p' OR type LIKE '_d')", undef, ($block) );
  return $pinfo;
} # end ipParent()


## IPDB::subParent()
# Get a block's parent's details
# Takes a database handle and CIDR block
# Returns a hashref to the parent container block, if any
sub subParent {
  my $dbh = shift;
  my $block = shift;

  my $pinfo = $dbh->selectrow_hashref("SELECT cidr,custid,type,city,description FROM allocations".
        " WHERE cidr >>= ?", undef, ($block) );
  return $pinfo;
} # end subParent()


## IPDB::blockParent()
# Get a block's parent's details
# Takes a database handle and CIDR block
# Returns a hashref to the parent container block, if any
sub blockParent {
  my $dbh = shift;
  my $block = shift;

  my $pinfo = $dbh->selectrow_hashref("SELECT cidr,city FROM routed".
        " WHERE cidr >>= ?", undef, ($block) );
  return $pinfo;
} # end blockParent()


## IPDB::getBreadCrumbs()
# Retrieve the ID and CIDR of a block's parent(s) up to the master block
# Returns an arrayref to a list of hashrefs with CIDR and block ID
sub getBreadCrumbs {
  my $dbh = shift;
  my $parent = shift;
  my @result;

  my $sth = $dbh-> prepare("SELECT cidr,type,id,parent_id FROM allocations WHERE id=?");

  while ($parent != 0) {
    $sth->execute($parent);
    my ($cidr,$type,$id,$pid) = $sth->fetchrow_array;
    push @result, {cidr => $cidr, link => $id, ispool => ($type =~ /^.[dp]$/ ? 1 : 0)};
    $parent = $pid;
  }

  return \@result;
} # end getBread()


## IPDB::getRoutedCity()
# Get the city for a routed block.
sub getRoutedCity {
  my $dbh = shift;
  my $block = shift;

  my ($rcity) = $dbh->selectrow_array("SELECT city FROM routed WHERE cidr = ?", undef, ($block) );
  return $rcity;
} # end getRoutedCity()


## IPDB::allocateBlock()
# Does all of the magic of actually allocating a netblock
# Requires a database handle, and a hash containing the block to allocate, routing depth, custid,
#   type, city, block to allocate from, and optionally a description, notes, circuit ID,
#   and private data
# Returns a success code and optional error message.
sub allocateBlock {
  my $dbh = shift;

  my %args = @_;

  $args{cidr} = new NetAddr::IP $args{cidr};

  $args{desc} = '' if !$args{desc};
  $args{notes} = '' if !$args{notes};
  $args{circid} = '' if !$args{circid};
  $args{privdata} = '' if !$args{privdata};
  $args{vrf} = '' if !$args{vrf};
  $args{vlan} = '' if !$args{vlan};
  $args{rdns} = '' if !$args{rdns};

  # Could arguably allow this for eg /120 allocations, but end users who get a single v4 IP are
  # usually given a v6 /64, and most v6 addressing schemes need at least half that address space
  if ($args{cidr}->{isv6} && $args{rdns} =~ /\%/) {
    return ('FAIL','Reverse DNS template patterns are not supported for IPv6 allocations');
  }

  my $sth;

  # Snag the "type" of the freeblock and its CIDR
  my ($alloc_from_type, $alloc_from, $fbparent, $fcity, $fbmaster) =
        $dbh->selectrow_array("SELECT routed,cidr,parent_id,city,master_id FROM freeblocks WHERE id = ?",
        undef, $args{fbid});
  $alloc_from = new NetAddr::IP $alloc_from;
  return ('FAIL',"Failed to allocate $args{cidr};  intended free block was used by another allocation.")
        if !$fbparent;
##fixme:  fail here if !$alloc_from
# also consider "lock for allocation" due to multistep allocation process

  # To contain the error message, if any.
  my $msg = "Unknown error allocating $args{cidr} as '$disp_alloctypes{$args{type}}'";

  # Enable transactions and error handling
  local $dbh->{AutoCommit} = 0; # These need to be local so we don't
  local $dbh->{RaiseError} = 1; # step on our toes by accident.

  if ($args{type} =~ /^.i$/) {
    $msg = "Unable to assign static IP $args{cidr} to $args{custid}";
    eval {
      if ($args{cidr}) {        # IP specified
        my ($isavail) = $dbh->selectrow_array("SELECT available FROM poolips WHERE ip=?", undef, ($args{cidr}) );
        die "IP is not in an IP pool.\n"
          if !$isavail;
        die "IP already allocated.  Deallocate and reallocate, or update the entry\n"
          if $isavail eq 'n';
      } else {  # IP not specified, take first available
        ($args{cidr}) = $dbh->selectrow_array("SELECT ip FROM poolips WHERE pool=? AND available='y' ORDER BY ip",
                undef, ($args{alloc_from}) );
      }
      $dbh->do("UPDATE poolips SET custid = ?, city = ?,available='n', description = ?, notes = ?, ".
        "circuitid = ?, privdata = ?, vrf = ?, rdns = ? ".
        "WHERE ip = ? AND parent_id = ?", undef,
                ($args{custid}, $args{city}, $args{desc}, $args{notes},
                $args{circid}, $args{privdata}, $args{vrf}, $args{rdns},
                $args{cidr}, $args{parent}) );

# node hack
      if ($args{nodeid} && $args{nodeid} ne '') {
        $dbh->do("INSERT INTO noderef (block,node_id) VALUES (?,?)", undef, ($args{cidr}, $args{nodeid}) );
      }
# end node hack

      $dbh->commit;  # Allocate IP from pool
    };
    if ($@) {
      $msg .= ": $@";
      eval { $dbh->rollback; };
      return ('FAIL', $msg);
    } else {
      _rpc('addOrUpdateRevRec', cidr => "$args{cidr}", name => $args{rdns}, rpcuser => $args{user});
      return ('OK', $args{cidr});
    }

  } else { # end IP-from-pool allocation

    if ($args{cidr} == $alloc_from) {
      # Easiest case- insert in one table, delete in the other, and go home.  More or less.
      # insert into allocations values (cidr,custid,type,city,desc) and
      # delete from freeblocks where cidr='cidr'
      # For data safety on non-transaction DBs, we delete first.

      eval {
        $msg = "Unable to allocate $args{cidr} as '$disp_alloctypes{$args{type}}'";

        # Insert the allocations entry
        $dbh->do("INSERT INTO allocations ".
                "(cidr,parent_id,master_id,vrf,vlan,custid,type,city,description,notes,circuitid,privdata,rdns)".
                " VALUES (?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?)", undef,
                ($args{cidr}, $fbparent, $fbmaster, $args{vrf}, $args{vlan}, $args{custid}, $args{type}, $args{city},
                $args{desc}, $args{notes}, $args{circid}, $args{privdata}, $args{rdns}) );
        my ($bid) = $dbh->selectrow_array("SELECT currval('allocations_id_seq')");

        # Munge freeblocks
        if ($args{type} =~ /^(.)[mc]$/) {
          # special case - block is a routed or container/"reserve" block
          my $rtype = $1;
          $dbh->do("UPDATE freeblocks SET routed = ?,city = ?,parent_id = ? WHERE id = ?",
                undef, ($rtype, $args{city}, $bid, $args{fbid}) );
        } else {
          # "normal" case
          $dbh->do("DELETE FROM freeblocks WHERE id = ?", undef, ($args{fbid}) );
        }

        # And initialize the pool, if necessary
        # PPPoE pools (currently dialup, DSL, and WiFi) get all IPs made available
        # "DHCP" or "real-subnet" pools have the net, gw, and bcast IPs removed.
        if ($args{type} =~ /^.p$/) {
          $msg = "Could not initialize IPs in new $disp_alloctypes{$args{type}} $args{cidr}";
          my ($code,$rmsg) = initPool($dbh, $args{cidr}, $args{type}, $args{city}, "all", $bid);
          die $rmsg if $code eq 'FAIL';
        } elsif ($args{type} =~ /^.d$/) {
          $msg = "Could not initialize IPs in new $disp_alloctypes{$args{type}} $args{cidr}";
          my ($code,$rmsg) = initPool($dbh, $args{cidr}, $args{type}, $args{city}, "normal", $bid);
          die $rmsg if $code eq 'FAIL';
        }

# node hack
      if ($args{nodeid} && $args{nodeid} ne '') {
        $dbh->do("INSERT INTO noderef (block,node_id) VALUES (?,?)", undef, ($args{cidr}, $args{nodeid}) );
      }
# end node hack

        $dbh->commit;  # Simple block allocation
      }; # end of eval
      if ($@) {
        $msg .= ": ".$@;
        eval { $dbh->rollback; };
        return ('FAIL',$msg);
      }

    } else { # cidr != alloc_from

      # Hard case.  Allocation is smaller than free block.

      # make sure new allocation is in fact within freeblock.  *sigh*
      return ('FAIL',"Requested allocation $args{cidr} is not within $alloc_from")
        if !$alloc_from->contains($args{cidr});
      my $wantmaskbits = $args{cidr}->masklen;
      my $maskbits = $alloc_from->masklen;

      my @newfreeblocks;        # Holds free blocks generated from splitting the source freeblock.

      # This determines which blocks will be left "free" after allocation.  We take the
      # block we're allocating from, and split it in half.  We see which half the wanted
      # block is in, and repeat until the wanted block is equal to one of the halves.
      my $i=0;
      my $tmp_from = $alloc_from;       # So we don't munge $args{alloc_from}
      while ($maskbits++ < $wantmaskbits) {
        my @subblocks = $tmp_from->split($maskbits);
        $newfreeblocks[$i++] = (($args{cidr}->within($subblocks[0])) ? $subblocks[1] : $subblocks[0]);
        $tmp_from = ( ($args{cidr}->within($subblocks[0])) ? $subblocks[0] : $subblocks[1] );
      } # while

      # Begin SQL transaction block
      eval {
        $msg = "Unable to allocate $args{cidr} as '$disp_alloctypes{$args{type}}'";

        # Delete old freeblocks entry
        $dbh->do("DELETE FROM freeblocks WHERE id = ?", undef, ($args{fbid}) );

        # Insert the allocations entry
        $dbh->do("INSERT INTO allocations ".
                "(cidr,parent_id,master_id,vrf,vlan,custid,type,city,description,notes,circuitid,privdata,rdns)".
                " VALUES (?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?)", undef,
                ($args{cidr}, $fbparent, $fbmaster, $args{vrf}, $args{vlan}, $args{custid}, $args{type}, $args{city},
                $args{desc}, $args{notes}, $args{circid}, $args{privdata}, $args{rdns}) );
        my ($bid) = $dbh->selectrow_array("SELECT currval('allocations_id_seq')");

        # Insert new list of smaller free blocks left over. Flag the one that matches the
        # masklength of the new allocation, if a reserve block was requested.
        $sth = $dbh->prepare("INSERT INTO freeblocks (cidr,city,routed,vrf,parent_id,master_id,reserve_for) ".
                "VALUES (?,?,?,?,?,?,?)");
        foreach my $block (@newfreeblocks) {
          $sth->execute($block, $fcity, $alloc_from_type, $args{vrf}, $fbparent, $fbmaster,
                ($args{reserve} && $block->masklen == $wantmaskbits ? $bid : 0));
        }

        # For routed/container types, add a freeblock within the allocated block so we can subdivide it further
        if ($args{type} =~ /(.)[mc]/) { # rm and .c types - containers
          my $rtype = $1;
          $sth->execute($args{cidr}, $args{city}, $rtype, $args{vrf}, $bid, $fbmaster, 0);
        }

        # And initialize the pool, if necessary
        # PPPoE pools (currently dialup, DSL, and WiFi) get all IPs made available
        # "DHCP" or "real-subnet" pools have the net, gw, and bcast IPs removed.
        if ($args{type} =~ /^.p$/) {
          $msg = "Could not initialize IPs in new $disp_alloctypes{$args{type}} $args{cidr}";
          my ($code,$rmsg) = initPool($dbh, $args{cidr}, $args{type}, $args{city}, "all", $bid);
          die $rmsg if $code eq 'FAIL';
        } elsif ($args{type} =~ /^.d$/) {
          $msg = "Could not initialize IPs in new $disp_alloctypes{$args{type}} $args{cidr}";
          my ($code,$rmsg) = initPool($dbh, $args{cidr}, $args{type}, $args{city}, "normal", $bid);
          die $rmsg if $code eq 'FAIL';
        }

# node hack
      if ($args{nodeid} && $args{nodeid} ne '') {
        $dbh->do("INSERT INTO noderef (block,node_id) VALUES (?,?)", undef, ($args{cidr}, $args{nodeid}) );
      }
# end node hack

        $dbh->commit;  # Complex block allocation
      }; # end eval
      if ($@) {
        $msg .= ": ".$@;
        eval { $dbh->rollback; };
        return ('FAIL',$msg);
      }

    } # end fullcidr != alloc_from

    # now we do the DNS dance for netblocks, if we have an RPC server to do it with and a pattern to use.
    _rpc('addOrUpdateRevRec', cidr => "$args{cidr}", name => $args{rdns}, rpcuser => $args{user})
      if $args{rdns};

    # and the per-IP set, if there is one.
    _rpc('updateRevSet', %{$args{iprev}}, rpcuser => $args{user});

    return ('OK', 'OK');

  } # end static-IP vs netblock allocation

} # end allocateBlock()


## IPDB::initPool()
# Initializes a pool
# Requires a database handle, the pool CIDR, type, city, and a parameter
# indicating whether the pool should allow allocation of literally every
# IP, or if it should reserve network/gateway/broadcast IPs
# Note that this is NOT done in a transaction, that's why it's a private
# function and should ONLY EVER get called from allocateBlock()
sub initPool {
  my ($dbh,undef,$type,$city,$class,$parent) = @_;
  my $pool = new NetAddr::IP $_[1];

  # IPv6 does not lend itself to IP pools as supported
  return ('FAIL',"Refusing to create IPv6 static IP pool") if $pool->{isv6};
  # IPv4 pools don't make much sense beyond even /24.  Allow up to 4096-host footshooting anyway.
  # NetAddr::IP won't allow more than a /16 (65k hosts).
  return ('FAIL',"Refusing to create oversized static IP pool") if $pool->masklen <= 20;

  # Retrieve some odds and ends for defaults on the IPs
  my ($pcustid) = $dbh->selectrow_array("SELECT def_custid FROM alloctypes WHERE type=?", undef, ($type) );
  my ($vrf,$vlan,$master) = $dbh->selectrow_array("SELECT vrf,vlan,master_id FROM allocations WHERE id = ?",
        undef, ($parent) );

  $type =~ s/[pd]$/i/;
  my $sth;
  my $msg;

  # Trap errors so we can pass them back to the caller.  Even if the
  # caller is only ever supposed to be local, and therefore already
  # trapping errors.  >:(
  local $dbh->{AutoCommit} = 0; # These need to be local so we don't
  local $dbh->{RaiseError} = 1; # step on our toes by accident.

  eval {
    # have to insert all pool IPs into poolips table as "unallocated".
    $sth = $dbh->prepare("INSERT INTO poolips (ip,custid,city,type,parent_id,master_id) VALUES (?,?,?,?,?,?)");

    # in case of pool extension by some means, we need to see what IPs were already inserted
    my $tmp1 = $dbh->selectall_arrayref("SELECT ip FROM poolips WHERE parent_id = ?", undef, $parent);
    my %foundips;
    foreach (@{$tmp1}) {
      $foundips{$_->[0]} = 1;
    }

# Dodge an edge case - pool where IPs have been "stolen" and turned into a netblock assignment.
# We can't just "get all the current IPs, and add the missing ones", because some IPs are
# legitimately missing (for stretchy values of "legitimately").

    my $pdata = getBlockData($dbh, $parent);
    my $pcidr = new NetAddr::IP $pdata->{block};

    if ($pcidr != $pool) {
      # enumerate the IPs from the *old* pool, flag them as "found", so we can iterate the entire
      # requested pool and still make sure we skip the IPs in the old pool - even if they've been
      # "stolen" by legacy netblocks.
      my @oldips = $pcidr->hostenum;
      # decide whether to start excluding existing IPs at the "gateway" or "gateway+1"
      my $ostart = ($pdata->{type} =~ /^.d$/ ? 1 : 0);
      for (my $i = $ostart;  $i<= $#oldips; $i++) {
        $foundips{$oldips[$i]} = 1;
      }
    }

    # enumerate the hosts in the IP range - everything except the first (net) and last (bcast) IP
    my @poolip_list = $pool->hostenum;

    # always check/add IPs from gw+1 through bcast-1:
    # (but the set won't be in oooorderrrrr!  <pout>)
    for (my $i=1; $i<=$#poolip_list; $i++) {
      my $baseip = $poolip_list[$i]->addr;
      if ($baseip !~ /\.(?:0|255)$/ && !$foundips{$poolip_list[$i]}) {
        $sth->execute($baseip, $pcustid, $city, $type, $parent, $master);
      }
    }

    # now do the special case - DSL/PPP blocks can use the "net", "gw", and "bcast" IPs.
    # we exclude .0 and .255 anyway, since while they'll mostly work, they *will* behave badly here and there.
    if ($class eq 'all') { # (DSL-ish block - *all* IPs available
      if ($pool->addr !~ /\.0$/) {      # .0 causes weirdness.
        $sth->execute($pool->addr, $pcustid, $city, $type, $parent, $master) unless $foundips{$pool->addr};
      }
      $sth->execute($poolip_list[0]->addr, $pcustid, $city, $type, $parent, $master) unless $foundips{$poolip_list[0]};
      $pool--;
      if ($pool->addr !~ /\.255$/) {    # .255 can cause weirdness.
        $sth->execute($pool->addr, $pcustid, $city, $type, $parent, $master) unless $foundips{$pool->addr};
      }
    }
# don't commit here!  the caller may not be done.
#    $dbh->commit;
  };
  if ($@) {
    $msg = $@;
# Don't roll back!  It's up to the caller to handle this.
#    eval { $dbh->rollback; };
    return ('FAIL',$msg);
  } else {
    return ('OK',"OK");
  }
} # end initPool()


## IPDB::updateBlock()
# Update an allocation
# Takes all allocation fields in a hash
sub updateBlock {
  my $dbh = shift;
  my %args = @_;

  return ('FAIL', 'Missing block to update') if !$args{block};

  # Spaces don't show up well in lots of places.  Make sure they don't get into the DB.
  $args{custid} =~ s/^\s+//;
  $args{custid} =~ s/\s+$//;

  # do it all in a transaction
  local $dbh->{AutoCommit} = 0;
  local $dbh->{RaiseError} = 1;

  my @fieldlist;
  my @vallist;
  foreach ('custid', 'city', 'description', 'notes', 'circuitid', 'privdata', 'rdns', 'vrf', 'vlan') {
    if ($args{$_}) {
      push @fieldlist, $_;
      push @vallist, $args{$_};
    }
  }

  my $binfo;
  my $updtable = 'allocations';
  my $keyfield = 'id';
  if ($args{type} =~ /^(.)i$/) {
    $updtable = 'poolips';
    $binfo = getBlockData($dbh, $args{block}, 'i');
  } else {
## fixme:  there's got to be a better way...
    $binfo = getBlockData($dbh, $args{block});
    if ($args{swip}) {
      if ($args{swip} eq 'on' || $args{swip} eq '1' || $args{swip} eq 'y') {
        $args{swip} = 'y';
      } else {
        $args{swip} = 'n';
      }
    }
    foreach ('type', 'swip') {
      if ($args{$_}) {
        push @fieldlist, $_;
        push @vallist, $args{$_};
      }
    }
  }

  return ('FAIL', 'No fields to update') if !@fieldlist;

  my $sql = "UPDATE $updtable SET ";
  $sql .= join " = ?, ", @fieldlist;

  eval {
    # check for block merge first...
    if ($args{fbmerge}) {
      my $cidr = NetAddr::IP->new($binfo->{block});
      my $newblock = NetAddr::IP->new($cidr->addr, $cidr->masklen - 1)->network;
      # safety net?  make sure mergeable block passed in is really one or both of
      # a) reserved for expansion of the block and
      # b) confirmed CIDR-combinable
      # "safety? SELECT foo FROM freeblocks WHERE cidr << ? AND masklen(cidr) = ?, $newblock, ".$cidr->masklen."\n";
      $dbh->do("DELETE FROM freeblocks WHERE id=?", undef, $args{fbmerge});
      # ... so we can append the change in the stored CIDR field to extend the allocation.
      $sql .= " = ?, cidr";
      push @vallist, $newblock;
      # if we have an IP pool, call initPool to fill in any missing entries in the pool
      if ($binfo->{type} =~ /^.p$/) {
        my ($code,$rmsg) = initPool($dbh, "$newblock", $binfo->{type}, $binfo->{city}, 'all', $args{block});
        die $rmsg if $code eq 'FAIL';
      } elsif ($binfo->{type} =~ /^.d$/) {
        my ($code,$rmsg) = initPool($dbh, "$newblock", $binfo->{type}, $binfo->{city}, 'normal', $args{block});
        die $rmsg if $code eq 'FAIL';
      }
    }

    # append another SQL fragment
    push @vallist, $args{block};
    $sql .= " = ? WHERE $keyfield = ?";

    # do the update
    $dbh->do($sql, undef, @vallist);

    if ($args{node}) {
      # done with delete/insert so we don't have to worry about funkyness updating a node ref that isn't there
      $dbh->do("DELETE FROM noderef WHERE block = ?", undef, ($binfo->{block}) );
      $dbh->do("INSERT INTO noderef (block,node_id) VALUES (?,?)", undef, ($binfo->{block}, $args{node}) )
        if $args{node} ne '--';
    }

    $dbh->commit;
  };
  if ($@) {
    my $msg = $@;
    $dbh->rollback;
    return ('FAIL', $msg);
  }

  # In case of any container (mainly master block), only update freeblocks so we don't stomp subs
  # (which would be the wrong thing in pretty much any case except "DELETE ALL EVARYTHING!!1!oneone!")
  if ($binfo->{type} =~ '.[mc]') {
    # Not using listFree() as it doesn't return quite all of the blocks wanted.
    # Retrieve the immediate free blocks
    my $sth = $dbh->prepare(q(
        SELECT cidr FROM freeblocks WHERE parent_id = ?
        UNION
        SELECT cidr FROM freeblocks f WHERE
                cidr = (SELECT cidr FROM allocations a WHERE f.cidr = a.cidr)
                AND master_id = ?
        ) );
    $sth->execute($args{block}, $binfo->{master_id});
    my %fbset;
    while (my ($fb) = $sth->fetchrow_array) {
      $fbset{"host_$fb"} = $args{rdns};
    }
    # We use this RPC call instead of multiple addOrUpdateRevRec calls, since we don't
    # know how many records we'll be updating and more than 3-4 is far too slow.  This
    # should be safe to call unconditionally.
    # Requires dnsadmin >= r678
    _rpc('updateRevSet', %fbset, rpcuser => $args{user});

  } else {
    $binfo->{block} =~ s|/32$||;
    _rpc('addOrUpdateRevRec', cidr => $binfo->{block}, name => $args{rdns}, rpcuser => $args{user});

    # and the per-IP set, if there is one.
    _rpc('updateRevSet', %{$args{iprev}}, rpcuser => $args{user}) if keys (%{$args{iprev}});
  }

  return ('OK','OK');
} # end updateBlock()


## IPDB::splitBlock()
# Splits an existing allocation into two or more smaller allocations based on a passed netmask
# Duplicates all other data
# Returns an arrayref to a list of hashrefs with ID and CIDR keys for the list of new allocations.
# Should probably commit DNS magic to realign DNS data
# Mostly works but may return Strange Things(TM) if used on a master block
sub splitBlock {
  my $dbh = shift;
  my %args = @_;
#  my $id = shift;
#  my $basetype = shift;
#  my $newmask = shift;

##fixme:  set errstr on errors so caller can suitably clue-by-four the user
  return if $args{basetype} ne 'b';  # only netblocks allowed!

  my $binfo = getBlockData($dbh, $args{id});
  return if !$binfo;

  return if $args{newmask} !~ /^\d+$/;

  my @ret;
  my $block = new NetAddr::IP $binfo->{block};
  my $oldmask = $block->masklen;

  # Fail if the block to split is "too small" - eg, can't split a v4 /32 at all
  # failure modes:
  # difference between $oldmask and $newmask is negative or 0
  if ($args{newmask} - $oldmask <= 0) {
    $errstr = "Can't split a /$oldmask allocation into /$args{newmask} pieces";
    return;
  }
#  # difference between $oldmask and $newmask is > n, for arbitrary n?
#  if ($newmask - $oldmask > 42) {  # because 42
#  }
  # $oldmask > n, for arbitrary n?  At least check limits of data type.
  if ($block->{isv6}) {
    if ($args{newmask} - $oldmask > 128) {
      $errstr = "Impossible IPv6 mask length /$args{newmask} requested";
      return;
    }
  } else {
    if ($args{newmask} - $oldmask > 32) {
      $errstr = "Impossible IPv4 mask length /$args{newmask} requested";
      return;
    }
  }

  my @newblocks = $block->split($args{newmask});

  local $dbh->{AutoCommit} = 0;
  local $dbh->{RaiseError} = 1;

  eval {
    # line up a list of fields and values.  Be nice if there was a handy way to do,
    # direct in SQL, something like
    # "INSERT INTO foo (f1,f2,f3) VALUES (newf1,(SELECT oldf2,oldf3 FROM foo WHERE baz))"
    my @fieldlist = qw(type city description notes circuitid privdata custid swip vrf vlan rdns parent_id master_id);
    my $fields_sql = join(',', @fieldlist);
    my @vals;
    foreach (@fieldlist) {
      push @vals, $binfo->{$_};
    }
    # note the first block in the split for return
    push @ret, {nid => $args{id}, nblock => "$newblocks[0]"};

    # prepare
    my $idsth = $dbh->prepare("SELECT currval('allocations_id_seq')");
    my $allocsth = $dbh->prepare("INSERT INTO allocations (cidr, $fields_sql)".
        " VALUES (?".',?'x(scalar(@fieldlist)).")");
    my $nbsth = $dbh->prepare("DELETE FROM poolips WHERE parent_id = ? AND ip = ?");
    my $upd_psth = $dbh->prepare("UPDATE allocations SET parent_id = ? WHERE parent_id = ? AND cidr <<= ?");
    my $upd_msth = $dbh->prepare("UPDATE allocations SET master_id = ? WHERE master_id = ? AND cidr <<= ?");
    my $fb_psth = $dbh->prepare("UPDATE freeblocks SET parent_id = ? WHERE parent_id = ? AND cidr <<= ?");
    my $fb_msth = $dbh->prepare("UPDATE freeblocks SET master_id = ? WHERE master_id = ? AND cidr <<= ?");
    my $pool_psth = $dbh->prepare("UPDATE poolips SET parent_id = ? WHERE parent_id = ? AND ip << ?");
    my $pool_msth = $dbh->prepare("UPDATE poolips SET master_id = ? WHERE master_id = ? AND ip <<= ?");

    # set up update of existing block
    $dbh->do("UPDATE allocations SET cidr = ? WHERE id = ?", undef, ("$newblocks[0]", $args{id}) );

    # axe the new bcast IP from the smaller pool at the "base" block, if it's a "normal" pool
    if ($binfo->{type} =~ /.d/) {
      $newblocks[0]--;
      $nbsth->execute($args{id}, $newblocks[0]->addr);
    }

    # Loop over the new blocks that are not the base block
    for (my $i = 1; $i <= $#newblocks; $i++) {
      # add the new allocation
      $allocsth->execute($newblocks[$i], @vals);
      # fetch the ID of the entry we just added...
      $idsth->execute();
      my ($nid) = $idsth->fetchrow_array();
      # ... so we can pass back the list of blocks and IDs...
      push @ret, {nid => $nid, nblock => "$newblocks[$i]"};
      # axe the net, gw, and bcast IPs as necessary when splitting a "normal" pool
      if ($binfo->{type} =~ /.d/) {
        # net
        $nbsth->execute($args{id}, $newblocks[$i]->addr);
        $newblocks[$i]++;
        # gw
        $nbsth->execute($args{id}, $newblocks[$i]->addr);
        $newblocks[$i]--;
        $newblocks[$i]--;
        # bcast
        $nbsth->execute($args{id}, $newblocks[$i]->addr);
        $newblocks[$i]++;
      }

      # Reparent allocations, freeblocks, and pool IPs.  
      $upd_psth->execute($nid, $args{id}, $newblocks[$i]);
      $fb_psth->execute($nid, $args{id}, $newblocks[$i]);
      $pool_psth->execute($nid, $args{id}, $newblocks[$i]);

      # Update master if we've split a master block
      if ($binfo->{type} eq 'mm') {
        $upd_msth->execute($nid, $args{id}, $newblocks[$i]);
        $fb_msth->execute($nid, $args{id}, $newblocks[$i]);
        $pool_msth->execute($nid, $args{id}, $newblocks[$i]);
      }

    } # for (... @newblocks)

    $dbh->commit;
  };
  if ($@) {
    $errstr = "Error splitting $binfo->{block}: $@";
    $dbh->rollback;
    return;
  }
##fixme:  RPC return code?
# particularly useful in this case as there may be arbitrary combinations of pass, warn, fail
# results from each of the update and add(s), which could get the user to prod dnsadmin to see what exploded
  my $foo = _rpc('splitTemplate', cidr => $binfo->{block}, newmask => $args{newmask}, rpcuser => $args{user});

  return \@ret;
} # end splitBlock()


## IPDB::shrinkBlock()
# Shrink an allocation to the passed CIDR block
# Takes an allocation ID and a new CIDR
# Returns an arrayref to a list of hashrefs with the ID and CIDR of the freed block(s)
# Refuses to shrink "real netblock" pool types below /30
sub shrinkBlock {
  my $dbh = shift;
  my $id = shift;

  # just take the new CIDR spec;  this way we can shrink eg .16/28 to .20/30 without extra contortions
  my $newblock = new NetAddr::IP shift;

  if (!$newblock) {
    $errstr = "Can't shrink something that's not a netblock";
    return;
  }

  my $binfo = getBlockData($dbh, $id);
  my $pinfo = getBlockData($dbh, $binfo->{parent_id});

  if ($binfo->{type} =~ /.d/ && $newblock->masklen > ($newblock->bits+2) ) {
    $errstr = "Can't shrink a non-PPP pool smaller than ".($newblock->{isv6} ? '/124' : '/30');
    return;
  }

  my $oldblock = new NetAddr::IP $binfo->{block};

  # Don't try to shrink the block outside of itself, Bad Things (probably) Happen.
  if (!$oldblock->contains($newblock)) {
    $errstr = "Can't shrink an allocation outside of itself";
    return;
  }

  local $dbh->{AutoCommit} = 0;
  local $dbh->{RaiseError} = 1;

  my $addfbsth = $dbh->prepare("INSERT INTO freeblocks (cidr,city,routed,vrf,parent_id,master_id) VALUES (?,?,?,?,?,?)");
  my $idsth = $dbh->prepare("SELECT currval('freeblocks_id_seq')");
  my $poolsth = $dbh->prepare("DELETE FROM poolips WHERE parent_id = ? AND ip << ?");
  my $netsth = $dbh->prepare("DELETE FROM poolips WHERE parent_id = ? AND ip = ?");
  my $allocsth = $dbh->prepare("DELETE FROM allocations WHERE parent_id = ? AND cidr <<= ?");
  my $delfbsth = $dbh->prepare("DELETE FROM freeblocks WHERE parent_id = ? AND cidr <<= ?");

##fixme:  turn this into a public/top-level sub?
  sub getchildren {
    my $dbh = shift;
    my $id = shift;
    my $master = shift;
    my $retlist = shift;  # better than trying to return complex structures recursively. Ow.
    my $cidr = shift;

    if (!$cidr) {
      my $bd = getBlockData($dbh, $id);
      $cidr = $bd->{cidr};
    }

    my $sth = $dbh->prepare(q(
        SELECT id,cidr,type FROM allocations
        WHERE parent_id = ? AND master_id = ? AND cidr <<= ?
        ) );
    $sth->execute($id, $master, $cidr);
    while (my $row = $sth->fetchrow_hashref) {
      push @$retlist, $row;
      getchildren($dbh, $row->{id}, $master, $retlist, $cidr);
    }
  }

  my @ret;
  eval {
    $dbh->do("UPDATE allocations SET cidr = ? WHERE id = ?", undef, $newblock, $id);

    # find the netblock(s) that are now free
    my @workingblocks = $oldblock->split($newblock->masklen);
    my @wb2;
    foreach my $newsub (@workingblocks) {
      next if $newsub == $newblock;
      push @wb2, $newsub;
    }
    @wb2 = Compact(@wb2);

    # set new freeblocks, and clean up any IP pool entries if needed.
    foreach my $newfree (@wb2) {
      my @clist;
      # the block we're munging
      push @clist, { id => $id, type => $binfo->{type}, cidr => $binfo->{block} };
      getchildren($dbh, $id, $binfo->{master_id}, \@clist, $newfree);

      foreach my $goner (@clist) {
        $poolsth->execute($goner->{id}, $newfree) if $goner->{type} =~ /.[dp]/;
        $allocsth->execute($goner->{id}, $newfree);
        $delfbsth->execute($goner->{id}, $newfree);
      }

      # No pinfo means we're shrinking a master block, which means the free space is returned outside of IPDB.
      if ($pinfo) {
        $addfbsth->execute($newfree, $pinfo->{city}, 'm', $pinfo->{vrf}, $binfo->{parent_id}, $pinfo->{master_id});
        $idsth->execute;
        my ($nid) = $idsth->fetchrow_array();
        # add to return list
        push @ret, {fbid => $nid, newfree => "$newfree", fbparent => $binfo->{parent_id} };
      }

    } # $newfree (@wb2)

    # additional cleanup on net/gw/bcast IPs in pool
    if ($binfo->{type} =~ /.d/) {
      $netsth->execute($id, $newblock->addr);
      $newblock++;
      $netsth->execute($id, $newblock->addr);
      $newblock--;
      $newblock--;
      $netsth->execute($id, $newblock->addr);
    }

    $dbh->commit;
  };
  if ($@) {
    $errstr = "Error splitting $binfo->{block}: $@";
    $dbh->rollback;
    return;
  }

  return \@ret;
} # end shrinkBlock()


## IPDB::deleteBlock()
# Removes an allocation from the database, including deleting IPs
# from poolips and recombining entries in freeblocks if possible
# Also handles "deleting" a static IP allocation, and removal of a master
# Requires a database handle, the block to delete, the routing depth (if applicable),
# the VRF ID, and a flag to indicate whether to delete associated forward DNS entries
# as well as the reverse entry
sub deleteBlock {
  my ($dbh,$id,$basetype,$delfwd,$user) = @_;

  # Collect info about the block we're going to delete
  my $binfo = getBlockData($dbh, $id, $basetype);
  my $cidr = new NetAddr::IP $binfo->{block};

# For possible auto-VRF-ignoring (since public IPs shouldn't usually be present in more than one VRF)
# is_rfc1918 requires NetAddr::IP >= 4.059
# rather than doing this over and over and over.....
  my $tmpnum = $cidr->numeric;
# 192.168.0.0/16 -> 192.168.255.255  =>  3232235520 -> 3232301055
# 172.16.0.0/12  -> 172.31.255.255   =>  2886729728 -> 2887778303
# 10.0.0.0/8     -> 10.255.255.255   =>  167772160  -> 184549375
  my $isprivnet = (3232235520 <= $tmpnum && $tmpnum <= 3232301055) ||
        (2886729728 <= $tmpnum && $tmpnum <= 2887778303) ||
        (167772160 <= $tmpnum && $tmpnum <= 184549375);

  my $sth;

  # Magic variables used for odd allocation cases.
  my $container;
  my $con_type;


  # temporarily forced null, until a sane UI for VRF tracking can be found.
#  $vrf = '';# if !$vrf;        # as with SQL, the null value is not equal to ''.  *sigh*

  # To contain the error message, if any.
  my $msg = "Unknown error deallocating $binfo->{type} $cidr";
  my $goback;   # to put the parent in so we can link back where the deallocate started

  # Enable transactions and exception-on-errors... but only for this sub
  local $dbh->{AutoCommit} = 0;
  local $dbh->{RaiseError} = 1;

  if ($binfo->{type} =~ /^.i$/) {
    # First case.  The "block" is a static IP
    # Note that we still need some additional code in the odd case
    # of a netblock-aligned contiguous group of static IPs

    eval {
      $msg = "Unable to deallocate $disp_alloctypes{$binfo->{type}} $cidr";
      my $pinfo = getBlockData($dbh, $binfo->{parent_id}, 'b');
##fixme: VRF and rdepth
      $dbh->do("UPDATE poolips SET custid = ?, available = 'y',".
        "city = (SELECT city FROM allocations WHERE id = ?),".
        "description = '', notes = '', circuitid = '', vrf = ? WHERE id = ?", undef,
        ($pinfo->{custid}, $binfo->{parent_id}, $pinfo->{vrf}, $id) );
      $dbh->commit;
    };
    if ($@) {
      $msg .= ": $@";
      eval { $dbh->rollback; };
      return ('FAIL',$msg);
    } else {
##fixme:  RPC return code?
      _rpc('delByCIDR', cidr => "$cidr", user => $user, delforward => $delfwd, rpcuser => $user);
      return ('OK',"OK");
    }

  } elsif ($binfo->{type} eq 'mm') { # end alloctype =~ /.i/
    # Second case.  The block is a full master block

##fixme: VRF limit
    $msg = "Unable to delete master block $cidr";
    eval {
      $dbh->do("DELETE FROM allocations WHERE cidr <<= ? AND master_id = ?", undef, ($cidr, $binfo->{master_id}) );
      $dbh->do("DELETE FROM freeblocks WHERE cidr <<= ? AND master_id = ?", undef, ($cidr, $binfo->{master_id}) );
      $dbh->commit;
    };
    if ($@) {
      $msg .= ": $@";
      eval { $dbh->rollback; };
      return ('FAIL', $msg);
    }

    # Have to handle potentially split reverse zones.  Assume they *are* split,
    # since if we added them here, they would have been added split.
# allow splitting reverse zones to be disabled, maybe, someday
#if ($splitrevzones && !$cidr->{isv6}) {
    my @zonelist;
    if (1 && !$cidr->{isv6}) {
      my $splitpoint = ($cidr->masklen <= 16 ? 16 : 24);        # hack pthui
      @zonelist = $cidr->split($splitpoint);
    } else {
      @zonelist = ($cidr);
    }
    my @fails;
    foreach my $subzone (@zonelist) {
      if ($rpc_url && !_rpc('delZone', zone => "$subzone", revrec => 'y', rpcuser => $user, delforward => $delfwd) ) {
        push @fails, ("$subzone" => $errstr);
      }
    }
    if (@fails) {
      return ('WARN',"Warning(s) deleting $cidr from reverse DNS:\n".join("\n", @fails));
    }
    return ('OK','OK');

  } else { # end alloctype master block case

    ## This is a big block; but it HAS to be done in a chunk.  Any removal
    ## of a netblock allocation may result in a larger chunk of free
    ## contiguous IP space - which may in turn be combined into a single
    ## netblock rather than a number of smaller netblocks.

    my $retcode = 'OK';
    my ($ptype,$pcity,$ppatt,$p_id);

    eval {

##fixme:  add recursive flag to allow "YES DAMMIT DELETE ALL EVARYTHING!!1!!" without
# explicitly deleting any suballocations of the block to be deleted.

      # get parent info of the block we're deleting
      my $pinfo = getBlockData($dbh, $binfo->{parent_id});
      $ptype = $pinfo->{type};
      $pcity = $pinfo->{city};
      $ppatt = $pinfo->{rdns};
      $p_id = $binfo->{parent_id};

      # Delete the block
      $dbh->do("DELETE FROM allocations WHERE id = ?", undef, ($id) );

      # munge the parent type a little
      $ptype = (split //, $ptype)[1];

##fixme:  you can't...  CAN NOT....  assign the same public IP to multiple things.
#  'Net don't work like that, homey.  Restrict VRF-uniqueness to private IPs?
# -> $isprivnet flag from start of sub

      # check to see if any container allocations could be the "true" parent
      my ($tparent,$tpar_id,$trtype,$tcity);
      $tpar_id = 0;

##fixme:  this is far simpler in the strict VRF case;  we "know" that any allocation
# contained by a container is a part of the same allocation tree when the VRF fields are equal.

# logic:
# For each possible container of $cidr
#  note the parent id
#  walk the chain up the parents
#    if we intersect $cidr's current parent, break
#  if we've intersected $cidr's current parent
#    set some variables to track that block
#    break

# Set up part of "is it in the middle of a pool?" check
      my $wuzpool = $dbh->selectrow_hashref("SELECT cidr,parent_id,type,city,custid,id FROM allocations ".
        "WHERE (type LIKE '_d' OR type LIKE '_p') AND cidr >> ? AND master_id = ?", { Slice => {} },
        ($cidr, $binfo->{master_id}) );

##fixme?
# edge cases not handled, or handled badly:
# -> $cidr managed to get to be the entirety of an IP pool

      if ($wuzpool && $wuzpool->{id} != $id) {
        # we have legacy goo to be purified
        # going to ignore nested pools;  not possible to create them via API and no current legacy data includes any.

        # for convenience
        my $poolid = $wuzpool->{id};
        my $pool = $wuzpool->{cidr};
        my $poolcity = $wuzpool->{city};
        my $pooltype = $wuzpool->{type};
        my $poolcustid = $wuzpool->{custid};

        $retcode = 'WARNPOOL';
        $goback = "$poolid,$pool";
        # We've already deleted the block, now we have to stuff its IPs into the pool.
        $pooltype =~ s/[dp]$/i/;        # change type to static IP
        my $sth2 = $dbh->prepare("INSERT INTO poolips (ip,city,type,custid,parent_id) VALUES ".
          "(?,'$poolcity','$pooltype','$poolcustid',$poolid)");

##fixme:  need to not insert net, gateway, and bcast on "real netblock" pools (DHCPish)
        # don't insert .0
        $sth2->execute($cidr->addr) unless $cidr->addr =~ m|\.0$|;
        $cidr++;
        my $bcast = $cidr->broadcast;
        while ($cidr != $bcast) {
          $sth2->execute($cidr->addr);
          $cidr++;
        }
        # don't insert .255
        $sth2->execute($cidr->addr) unless $cidr->addr =~ m|\.255$|;

# Weirdness Happens.  $cidr goes read-only somewhere (this is a thing?!?),
# causing ->split, ->hostenum, and related methods to explode.  O_o
#        foreach my $ip ($cidr->hostenum) {
#          $sth2->execute($ip);
#        }

      }

## important!
# ... or IS IT?
# we may have undef'ed $wuzpool above, if the allocation tree $cidr is in doesn't intersect the pool we found
#if (!$wuzpool) {

      else {

# Edge case:  Block is the same size as more than one parent level.  Should be rare.
# - mainly master + first routing.  Sorting on parent_id hides the problem pretty well,
# but it's likely still possible to fail in particularly well-mangled databases.
# The ultimate fix for this may be to resurrect the "routing depth" atrocity.  :/
        # Get all possible (and probably a number of impossible) containers for $cidr
        $sth = $dbh->prepare("SELECT cidr,parent_id,type,city,id FROM allocations ".
          "WHERE (type LIKE '_m' OR type LIKE '_c') AND cidr >>= ? AND master_id = ? ".
          "ORDER BY masklen(cidr) DESC,parent_id DESC");
        $sth->execute($cidr, $binfo->{master_id});

        # Quickly get certain fields (simpler than getBlockData()
        my $sth2 = $dbh->prepare("SELECT cidr,parent_id,type,city FROM allocations ".
          "WHERE (type LIKE '_m' OR type LIKE '_c') AND id = ? AND master_id = ?");

        # For each possible container of $cidr...
        while (my @data = $sth->fetchrow_array) {
          my $i = 0;
          # Save some state and set a start point - parent ID of container we're checking
          $tparent = $data[0];
          my $ppid = $data[1];
          $trtype = $data[2];
          $tcity = $data[3];
          $tpar_id = $data[4];
          last if $data[4] == $binfo->{parent_id};  # Preemptively break if we're already in the right place
          last if $ppid == $binfo->{parent_id};     # ... or if the parent of the container is the block's parent
          while (1) {
            # Retrieve bits on that parent ID
            $sth2->execute($ppid, $binfo->{master_id});
            my @container = $sth2->fetchrow_array;
            $ppid = $container[1];
            last if $container[1] == 0;   # Break if we've hit a master block
            last if $ppid == $binfo->{parent_id};   # Break if we've reached the block $cidr is currently in
          }
          last if $ppid == $binfo->{parent_id};
        }

        # found an alternate parent;  reset some parent-info bits
        if ($tpar_id != $binfo->{parent_id}) {
          $ptype = (split //, $trtype)[1];
          $pcity = $tcity;
          $retcode = 'WARNMERGE';       # may be redundant
          $p_id = $tpar_id;
        }

        $goback = "$p_id,$tparent";     # breadcrumb, currently only used in case of live-parent-is-not-true-parent

        # Special case - delete pool IPs
        if ($binfo->{type} =~ /^.[pd]$/) {
          # We have to delete the IPs from the pool listing.
##fixme:  rdepth?  vrf?
          $dbh->do("DELETE FROM poolips WHERE parent_id = ?", undef, ($id) );
        }

        $pinfo = getBlockData($dbh, $p_id);

        # If the block wasn't legacy goo embedded in a static pool, we check the
        # freeblocks in the identified parent to see if we can combine any of them.

        # if the block to be deleted is a container, move its freeblock(s) up a level, and reset their parenting info
        if ($binfo->{type} =~ /^.[mc]/) {
          # move the freeblocks into the parent
          # we don't insert a new freeblock because there could be a live reparented sub.
          $dbh->do("UPDATE freeblocks SET parent_id = ?, routed = ?, city = ? WHERE parent_id = ?", undef,
                ($p_id, $ptype, $pcity, $id) );
        } else {
          # ... otherwise, add the freeblock
          $dbh->do("INSERT INTO freeblocks (cidr, city, routed, parent_id, master_id) VALUES (?,?,?,?,?)", undef,
                ($cidr, $pcity, $ptype, $p_id, $binfo->{master_id}) );
        }

        # Walk the free blocks in the parent and reduce them to the minimal set of CIDR ranges necessary
        _compactFree($dbh, $p_id);

      } # done returning IPs to the appropriate place

      # If we got here, we've succeeded.  Whew!
      $dbh->commit;
    }; # end eval
    if ($@) {
      $msg .= ": $@";
      eval { $dbh->rollback; };
      return ('FAIL', $msg);
    } else {
##fixme:  RPC return code?
      _rpc('delByCIDR', cidr => "$cidr", rpcuser => $user, delforward => $delfwd, delsubs => 'y', parpatt => $ppatt);
      return ($retcode, $goback);
    }

  } # end alloctype != netblock

} # end deleteBlock()


## IPDB::getBlockData()
# Get CIDR or IP, custid, type, city, circuit ID, description, notes, modification time,
# private/restricted data, for a CIDR block or pool IP
# Also returns SWIP status flag for CIDR blocks or pool netblock for IPs
# Takes the block ID or IP to look up and an optional flag to indicate a pool IP lookup
# instead of a netblock.
# Returns a hashref to the block data
sub getBlockData {
  my $dbh = shift;
  my $id = shift;
  my $type = shift || 'b';      # default to netblock for lazy callers

  # netblocks are in the allocations table;  pool IPs are in the poolips table.
  # If we try to look up a CIDR in an integer field we should just get back nothing.
  my ($btype) = $dbh->selectrow_array("SELECT type FROM allocations WHERE id=?", undef, ($id) );

  # Note city, vrf, parent_id and master_id removed due to JOIN uncertainty for block allocations
  my $commonfields = q(custid, type, circuitid, description, notes, modifystamp AS lastmod,
        privdata, vlan, rdns);

  if ($type eq 'i') {
    my $binfo = $dbh->selectrow_hashref(qq(
        SELECT ip AS block, city, vrf, parent_id, master_id, $commonfields
        FROM poolips WHERE id = ?
        ), undef, ($id) );
    return $binfo;
  } else {
    my $binfo = $dbh->selectrow_hashref(qq(
        SELECT a.cidr AS block, a.city, a.vrf, a.parent_id, a.master_id, swip, $commonfields,
                f.cidr AS reserve, f.id as reserve_id
        FROM allocations a LEFT JOIN freeblocks f ON a.id=f.reserve_for
        WHERE a.id = ?
        ), undef, ($id) );
    return $binfo;
  }
} # end getBlockData()


## IPDB::getBlockRDNS()
# Gets reverse DNS pattern for a block or IP.  Note that this will also
# retrieve any default pattern following the parent chain up, and check via
# RPC (if available) to see what the narrowest pattern for the requested block is
# Returns the current pattern for the block or IP.
sub getBlockRDNS {
  my $dbh = shift;
  my %args = @_;

  $args{type} = 'b' if !$args{type};
  my $cached = 1;

  # snag entry from database
  my ($rdns,$rfrom,$pid);
  if ($args{type} =~ /.i/) {
    ($rdns, $rfrom, $pid) = $dbh->selectrow_array("SELECT rdns,ip,parent_id FROM poolips WHERE id = ?",
        undef, ($args{id}) );
  } else {
    ($rdns, $rfrom, $pid) = $dbh->selectrow_array("SELECT rdns,cidr,parent_id FROM allocations WHERE id = ?",
        undef, ($args{id}) );
  }

  # Can't see a way this could end up empty, for any case I care about.  If the caller 
  # doesn't know an allocation ID to request, then they don't know anything else anyway.
  my $selfblock = $rfrom;

  my $type;
  while (!$rdns && $pid) {
    ($rdns, $rfrom, $pid, $type) = $dbh->selectrow_array(
        "SELECT rdns,cidr,parent_id,type FROM allocations WHERE id = ?",
        undef, ($pid) );
    last if $type eq 'mm';  # break loops in unfortunate legacy data
  }

  # use the actual allocation to check against the DNS utility;  we don't want
  # to always go chasing up the chain to the master...  which may (usually won't)
  # be present directly in DNS anyway
  my $cidr = new NetAddr::IP $selfblock;

  if ($rpc_url) {
    # Use the first /16 or /24, rather than dithering over which sub-/14 /16
    # or sub-/19 /24 to retrieve - it's the least-wrong way to do things.

    my ($rpcblock) = ($cidr->masklen <= 24 ? $cidr->split( ($cidr->masklen <= 16 ? 16 : 24) ) : $cidr);
    my %rpcargs = (
        rpcuser => $args{user},
        group => $revgroup,     # not sure how this could sanely be exposed, tbh...
        cidr => "$rpcblock",
        );

    my $remote_rdns = _rpc('getRevPattern', %rpcargs);
    $rdns = $remote_rdns if $remote_rdns;
    $cached = 0;
  }

  # hmm.  do we care about where it actually came from?
  return $rdns, $cached;
} # end getBlockRDNS()


## IPDB::getRDNSbyIP()
# Get individual reverse entries for the IP or CIDR IP range passed.  Sort of looking the
# opposite direction down the netblock tree compared to getBlockRDNS() above.
sub getRDNSbyIP {
  my $dbh = shift;
  my %args = @_;  # We want to accept a variety of call types

  # key arguments:  allocation ID, type
  unless ($args{id} || $args{type}) {
    $errstr = 'Missing allocation ID or type';
    return;
  }

  my @ret = ();
  # special case:  single IP.  Check if it's an allocation or in a pool, then do the RPC call for fresh data.
  if ($args{type} =~ /^.i$/) {
    my ($ip, $localrev) = $dbh->selectrow_array("SELECT ip, rdns FROM poolips WHERE id = ?", undef, ($args{id}) );
    push @ret, { 'r_ip' => $ip, 'iphost' => $localrev };
  } else {
    if ($rpc_url) {
      my %rpcargs = (
        rpcuser => $args{user},
        group => $revgroup,     # not sure how this could sanely be exposed, tbh...
        cidr => $args{range},
        );

      my $remote_rdns = _rpc('getRevSet', %rpcargs);
      return $remote_rdns;
#      $rdns = $remote_rdns if $remote_rdns;
#      $cached = 0;
    }
  }
  return \@ret;
} # end getRDNSbyIP()


## IPDB::getNodeList()
# Gets a list of node ID+name pairs as an arrayref to a list of hashrefs
sub getNodeList {
  my $dbh = shift;
  
  my $ret = $dbh->selectall_arrayref("SELECT node_id, node_name FROM nodes ORDER BY node_type,node_id",
        { Slice => {} });
  return $ret;
} # end getNodeList()


## IPDB::getNodeName()
# Get node name from the ID
sub getNodeName {
  my $dbh = shift;
  my $nid = shift;

  my ($nname) = $dbh->selectrow_array("SELECT node_name FROM nodes WHERE node_id = ?", undef, ($nid) );
  return $nname;
} # end getNodeName()


## IPDB::getNodeInfo()
# Get node name and ID associated with a block
sub getNodeInfo {
  my $dbh = shift;
  my $block = shift;

  my ($nid, $nname) = $dbh->selectrow_array("SELECT nodes.node_id,node_name FROM nodes INNER JOIN noderef".
        " ON nodes.node_id=noderef.node_id WHERE noderef.block = ?", undef, ($block) );
  return ($nid, $nname);
} # end getNodeInfo()


## IPDB::mailNotify()
# Sends notification mail to recipients regarding an IPDB operation
sub mailNotify {
  my $dbh = shift;
  my ($action,$subj,$message) = @_;

  return if $smtphost eq 'smtp.example.com';   # do nothing if still using default SMTP host.

##fixme: need to redesign the breakdown/processing for $action for proper handling of all cases

# split action into parts for fiddlement.  nb: there are almost certainly better ways to do this.
  my @actionbits = split //, $action;

  # want to notify anyone who has specifically requested notify on *this* type ($action as passed),
  # on "all static IP types" or "all pool types" (and other last-char-in-type groupings), on eg "all DSL types",
  # and "all events with this action"
  my @actionsets = ($action);
##fixme: ick, eww.  really gotta find a better way to handle this...
  push @actionsets, ($actionbits[0].'.'.$actionbits[2],
        $actionbits[0].$actionbits[1].'.', $actionbits[0].'a') if $action =~ /^.{3}$/;

  my $mailer = Net::SMTP->new($smtphost, Hello => "ipdb.$domain");

  # get recip list from db
  my $sth = $dbh->prepare("SELECT reciplist FROM notify WHERE action=?");

  my %reciplist;
  foreach (@actionsets) {
    $sth->execute($_);
##fixme - need to handle db errors
    my ($recipsub) = $sth->fetchrow_array;
    next if !$recipsub;
    foreach (split(/,/, $recipsub)) {
      $reciplist{$_}++;
    }
  }

  return if !%reciplist;

  foreach my $recip (keys %reciplist) {
    $mailer->mail($smtpsender);
    $mailer->to($recip);
    $mailer->data("From: \"$org_name IP Database\" <$smtpsender>\n",
        "To: $recip\n",
        "Date: ".strftime("%a, %d %b %Y %H:%M:%S %z",localtime)."\n",
        "Subject: {IPDB} $subj\n",
        "X-Mailer: IPDB Notify v".sprintf("%.1d",$IPDB::VERSION)."\n",
        "Organization: $org_name\n",
        "\n$message\n");
  }
  $mailer->quit;
}

# Indicates module loaded OK.  Required by Perl.
1;